Romeo and Juliet Diary Entries

Dear diary, as it is the first time I am writing to you, I would like to tell a little concerning myself. My name is Romeo, and I come from the Montague family, with my dad Mr. Montague and my mum Lady Montague. I am sixteen. Not that I have a high regard for myself, but I have to say that I am quite attractive, bright and sensitive. I live in the middle of a fierce fight between my family and the Capulet’s. This battle has started ages before I was born, and will keep on going for generations and generations. Sincerely, I think that this fight is foolish, and that violence doesn’t make thing different and by no means will between our two families. I take the Capulet’s as equal to us, and nothing will alter my mind. I feel that this day couldn’t get any worst for me. You see I like this girl from the name of Rosaline, but she doesn’t return her affection towards me. This made me miserable for the whole day, and I had not the desire to see any people. I went around the region, and went into profound thinking and came to the point that there was no more point of breathing if I could never get will my beloved Rosaline. The only person informed about my love for her is my dearest cousin â€Å"Benvolio†. I told him how I felt, and how I couldn’t live without her, and he gave me the advice of going with him tonight at the masked party at the Capulet’s mansion. Dear diary I hope my cousin is right and if not what should I do? 21 April Dear diary, I am writing to tell you that I have forgotten about Rosaline in my heart and that at ball, at the Capulet’s I have fallen in love, from the first moment I saw her, and she unclasp my heart, and treed it from the thing I thought I loved and fixed it only on her. You see the moment I laid sight upon her; she engulfed my feelings upon her, and made me forget about Rosaline. The only shocked I had was after the tender kissed I got from laying my lips on hers, was that I later on learned that she was a Capulet. She is a thirteen-year-old girl, she is one of the most gorgeous girls I have ever laid eyes on, and her eyes reminded me of starts lighting upon a dark night. Even though she is of the enemy family, I thought that in any cases love was possible, and that without letting both siblings know I could forever be with her, and that in any cases we could run away together. On that night, after the ball, I have left both Benvolio and Mercutio and went climbing up her balcony, and from both side we exchanged our vows. When she was done with hers, I stopped her mouth with a kiss after having heard enough, and my heart was beating so fast that the night with her passed so fast till the moment I had to leave, which made it hard to take out my sight upon her perfect shadow. 25 April A few days later, I had gone through some with Juliet, and I finally think she is the one I want to be with. I hurried early in the morning to Friar Laurence who for me is some kind of second father, and at the same time a best friend which I tell everything to. He is quite old, and works in a small church in the middle of a field of roses. When I arrived their, I jumped in his arm, and him exited to see me, I thought it would be a good moment to actually express my feelings for Juliet. But after I have told him that I have no more feeling for Rosaline, but for the Capulet’s daughter, he turned his head away from me, and kept on walking. He then stopped and told me that what I am doing will just make the relation between both family more complicated, but the more he thought of it, the better it was for both families, so he agreed to the marriage, and on very special day we got married. 27 April Dear diary, after I have thought that nothing could ruin the joy that I had in my heart for a couple of days, well it actually did. When I went to see Benvolio and Mercutio to tell them some of the good news, well there was a fight going on in the center of the village. Tybault, which is Juliet cousin, came to our territory, and asked for trouble, and Mercutio which could not refuse a fight, decided to fight against Tybault, which I tried to make it not happen, but by falling, the fight ended by dearest Mercutio to die in my hand from Tybaults sword. Without any pretoughts, I rushed to Tybault and killed him as revenge towards Mercutio. And this is when everything turned into hell. As the prince kept on saying, that if by any means a fight was happening between then two families, the one responsible was ask to be killed. So after having killed Tybault I thought that the best idea was to flee and go hide somewhere outside the region where nothing could happen. But would Juliet be ok? How would she get any of my news? What should I do? 02 May It as been five days since I didn’t see my beloved Juliet, and I am going crazy without her. I keep asking myself those questions, if everything is ok on her side. I would do anything to go back in the past and change the fight which happened. Friar told me that I should stay where I am and not move till I get a letter from him, telling me that everything would be back as usual, except that I would have to run away with my love. I would do anything to see her again, I wouldn’t mind running away till the other side of our planet. The only thing I now must be worried about is whether she is ok, and if everything will go according to plan. I have sent a loyal friend to look on Juliet while I stay and hide in the hut which I am standing in right now, and see whether everything is ok on her side. But when he came back a couple of minutes earlier, he told me that he saw Juliet dead†¦When I heard that I thought that I was gone for, I was already seeing the life falling behind me and that it is impossible that this could have happened. So without the Friar letter, I will think I would have to go to the graveyard and see whether what I heard is in fact true. Next time I will be writing in this diary I would tell how I in fact managed to run away with my Juliet and that we would for ever live happily ever after.

Nurse Culture Assessment

Running head: CULTURAL ASSESSMENT Cultural Assessment June 14, 2008 Abstract In order to deliver nursing care to different cultures, nurses are expected to understand and provide culturally competent health care to diverse individuals. Culturally competent care is tailored to the specific needs of each client, while incorporating the individual’s beliefs and values (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 90). By being culturally competent, nurses are able to help improve health outcomes by using cultural knowledge and specific skills in selecting interventions that are specific to each client (Stanhope & Lancaster). Therefore, nurses â€Å"should perform a cultural assessment on every client with whom they interact with† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 90) to help understand client’s perspectives of health and illness and discuss culturally appropriate interventions. In this paper, the author will demonstrate how nurses can utilize a cultural heritage assessment tool to help develop a cultural competent nursing care plan, which can be referred to in Appendix A and B. By culturally assessing client, nurses will be able to identify the needs of culturally diverse individuals and find out if what's important to the culture is really important to the person in terms of specific health needs. Introduction In order to deliver nursing care to different cultures, nurses are expected to understand and provide culturally competent health care to diverse individuals. Nurses must find out about people’s traditions, ways of life, and beliefs about health care so that the appropriate interventions can be planned and implemented to produce culturally positive health outcomes (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006). By being aware of the client’s cultural beliefs and knowing about other cultures, â€Å"nurses may be less judgmental, more accepting of cultural differences, and less likely to engage in the behaviors that inhibit cultural competence† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 84). Most importantly, nurses must listen to the client’s perceptions of problems and work together to develop suggestions and recommendations for managing those problems. Therefore, cultural assessments tools have been developed and are available to help assist nurses integrate â€Å"professional knowledge with the client’s knowledge and practices to negotiate and promote culturally relevant care for a specific client† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 82). Part I: Cultural Assessment of Client A cultural nursing assessment is recognized as a â€Å"systematic way to identify the beliefs, values, meanings, and behaviors of people while considering health history, life experiences, and the social and physical environments in which people live† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 5). For this reason, cultural assessments are an essential component in providing quality care to diverse individuals of different cultures. For this reason, the author used the cultural heritage assessment tool to help assess the ethnic culture of Mrs. P. Referring to Appendix A, the outline shows the interview questions and answers collected by the author per Mr s. P. Reassuring the confidentiality of the client’s interview, utilization of the cultural heritage assessment tool enabled the author to gather, classify, and analyze the culture of an American Hindu Indian. Brief History of Ethnic and/or Racial Origins The client evaluated by the author was a 35 year old female named Mrs. P who lives in Poway, California. The immediate family composition consists of a wife and a husband who just recently got married. In regards to the client’s cultural background, the ethnic culture that Mrs. P identified with was an American Hindu Indian. Born and raised in Poway, California, Mrs. P’s father and the grandparents from the father and mother’s side were born in Punjab, India, while the mother was born in Utter Pradesh, India. Coming from India, the client’s parents has lived in the United States for 14 years. Living in Poway since then, Mrs. P grew up in a rural setting and lived with the parents and younger brother until recently moving out when the client got married. With Hindi as the client’s native language, Mrs. P and the brother can only speak Hindi, compared to the mother and father who can both read and speak the native language. Socioeconomic Considerations With occupation and education, the client’s dad has a master’s in business and works for Gateway computers. The client’s mom has a degree in psychology and is a housewife, and the younger brother has degree from UCSD for management science and economics and works at Boeing. As for Mrs. P, the client works as a teacher, having earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the University of California, Riverside, and Mr. P works as a neuro-surgeon, with a bachelor’s degree in cellular and molecular biology and in computer engineering, and masters in computer engineering. Receiving no financial assistance, the client seemed satisfied in the current socioeconomic class of upper middle class because there are no plans of changing job. Currently owning a home with 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, a living room, dining room, loft, and patio, the living arrangements for Mrs. P appear sufficient for a future family to live in. Value Orientation According to Mrs. P, respect for elders, a good education, good family background and connections, religion, and good ethics for society, are values that are held highly within the family’s culture. Education and a highly held position in a career are very important because these values determine an individual’s status in society. Examples include doctors and engineers. Obviously, success is pertinent within the Indian culture. Indians are known for their hard work, vitality and dynamism. However, although looked as highly important, the family’s overall impression of these values do not define who a person is; these values are appreciated. Growing up, Mrs. P learned that every action requires thinking because any decision might have a negative effect on the family, and how society will react. Family reputation is very important and in the Indian culture, individuals must be careful not to do anything to put down the family name. The Indian culture is very family-oriented, which is why family comes first. In health and in sickness, the family takes care of each other. Cultural Sanctions and Restrictions According to the client, there are no cultural sanction and restrictions that the client is aware of. For the most part, Mrs. P believes that since the parents were open-minded to the fact of living in the United States, a strict Indian culture was not experienced during childhood. The parents understood what kind of environment the children were in and did not expect Mrs. P and the brother to be restricted to an Indian lifestyle. Communication As far as communication is concerned, Mrs. P informed the author that communication involves all members of the family, friends, and community. However, the Indian culture affects the way individuals communicate with family and friend by restricting certain topics when inappropriate. For example, foul language or sexual topics may be considered unacceptable to discuss in front of parents. For the most part, Mrs. P’s family does get along well, which is evident by the client’s close relationship with immediate and extended family members. With such open communication to some extent and having great family relationships, Mrs. P maintains contact with all members of the family and takes the time to visit family every few weeks. Health-related Beliefs & Practices & Nutrition Health-related beliefs and practices generally emphasize taking care of the health of all members in the family. According to Mrs. P, health-related beliefs and practices are related to nutrition. The only information that the client provided to the author was that Hindus perceive some foods as â€Å"hot† and some are â€Å"cold†, and therefore, should only be eaten during certain seasons and not in combination. There are different perceptions of â€Å"hot† and â€Å"cold† foods depending on the region of where individuals are from. From these perceptions, foods are thought to affect body functions. In the client’s case, Hindus love to cook and eat traditional dishes that are perceived as healthy. From raima, cholay, and saag, these Indian dishes are usually made by the client’s mother because Mrs. P does not usually make the traditional cultural dishes. As far as any specific dietary restrictions, eating meat is not considered good, but some individuals within the culture still eat meat. With Mrs. P, the client strives on well-balanced meals and does not follow the ideas of hot and cold foods. The only cultural diet that is followed is not eating meat. Cultural Aspects of Disease Incidence In regards to aspects of disease, the client’s culture customs and eliefs often contribute to the decision for medical care and choice of healthcare services. Supernatural forces and excess in human needs are recognized to contribute to illness and disease, regardless of station in life. For example, the client gives that example of eating too many sweets will cause round worms and that too much sexual activity can be associated with tuberculosis. Even more so, if a disease is sexually related, the occurrence of such diseases is looked upon as disrespectful if unmarried. In addition, diarrhea can be caused by a variety of improper eating habits. As a result, cultural treatments that may be used include homeopathic medicine, herbal remedies, mixing religion and medicine, and observing the individual within a natural environment. In the client’s case, a health problem that is currently affecting the family is high blood pressure. Religious Affiliation According to Mrs. P, the client’s religious preference is Hinduism, which is the same religion for Mr. P and all members of the immediate family. Religious beliefs and practices include believing in reincarnation and in many gods, and occasionally attending a temple. However, the client does not belong to a religious institution nor is an active member of any religious or ethnic organization. Yet, the client does practice the Hinduism when with the family. In the author’s opinion, the client expressed ideas for becoming more involved with participating in religious or spiritual activities. As for the neighborhood, there are diverse backgrounds of different ethnic cultures and religions within the community. Developmental Considerations The only achievements and tasks fulfilled by the client’s family include having both children graduate from college and finding successful careers. With having such high values in education and career, the author is not surprised that the parents consider graduation and a new job as very important achievements that a family member can accomplish. Even more, in the client’s sake, getting married, starting a new job, and moving into a new home were life changing fulfillments that the client has longed to achieve. As far as failures and achievements, being Indian has affected the fulfillment of achievements and perspectives of failures by placing the pressure to always be â€Å"on top of [the] game. Competition is what brings out the best in people and achieves the best results. Growing up, the client was always encouraged to excel. The expectations of families towards children were very high. With Mrs. P, the client strived to be the best because expectations were high and from the author’s point of view, the client has done very well to be at the point where the client is. Since the client’s family first sta rt, the only health and health-related events and experiences that Mrs. P has gone through is dealing with the removal of cataracts in client’s father’s eyes. Fortunately for Mrs. P, there have been no immediate deaths or births have taken place since the client has been born. Since the client’s the new marriage life, no health related events has occurred. Part II: Self Assessment Health-related Attitudes regarding this Cultural Group From the author’s self assessment about health-related attitudes regarding Indians, the author presumed that the most Indians are prone to respiratory infections such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, hypertension, nutritional deficits, and high risk behavior such as alcoholism and cigarette smoking. To be perfectly honest, the main assumption that the author had in regards to this cultural groups is that individuals of the Indian culture prone to strive dietary restrictions, which lead to a number of health problems. In addition, having had an Indian roommate, the author believed that individuals of this culture hold strong cultural beliefs and values because of the parents. Parents have a strong hold in the way Indian children think and behave. From family, friends, school, and community relationships to sexual activities, education, and work, Indians are expected to be smart, careful, and successful in all aspects of life. In the author’s opinion, such values and beliefs definitely influence and contribute to the health-related attitudes held by author because American Indians’ physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of life can eventually affect the health of these individuals. Evaluation of Author’s Values, Beliefs, & Practices In regards to the author’s values, beliefs, and practices, much of what has been embedded into the value and belief system of the author, including lifestyle practices, has been due to family, friends, and personal experience. From respect, obedience, and honesty, to work, education, religion, rationality and practicality, and the quality of life and health, the author strives to maintain a positive outlook in life, believes that hard work and determination will lead to a successful career, marriage, and family upbringing, and appreciates life and all the fortunate blessings that are often taken for granted like ambulation, breathing, and a healthy, loving family. Family, school, health, and religion are the most important values that the author holds. As a Catholic, the author believes that God has a plan for everything and whether life experiences are good or bad, God has a reason. Although the author does not religiously attend Church, prayer is often performed at home and at school. With school, education is an important aspect to a successful career. In the author’s opinion, knowledge is pertinent to success. Even more so, being aware of beneficial and risky lifestyle practices are necessary to maintain a healthy life. Such practices include exercise, a well-balanced diet, no smoking or drugs, and safe sexual practices. Obviously, values, beliefs, and practices may affect the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions in life. However, being only 25 years old, the author is aware that there is still so much more to learn about life. Therefore, the author remains open to new ideas and opportunities so that additional knowledge, mistakes, achievements, and failures will continue to add to the author’s life experiences. How might Author’s values, beliefs, & practices affect Delivery of Nursing Care to this Culture Group? The author’s values, beliefs, and practices may affect the delivery of nursing care to this culture group with the inability to empathize and understand complaints and concerns about health which leads to inaccurate assumptions about patient needs and creates assumptions that may impose ideas and interventions that may be unacceptable to the plan of care. Being unable to step outside the author’s box of values, beliefs, and practices may prevent the author from learning about another culture. As a result, the overall affect of delivering nursing care for this culture group is making incorrect assumptions about the needs of the clients and developing a care plan that may serve no benefit in improving the quality of life. Part III- Developing a Plan of Care After culturally assessing Mrs. P, the author identified the client’s readiness for enhanced religiosity. With a new marriage, a new house, and a new job, the client expresses concern that being away from the parents may lead to decreasing active lifestyle of practicing the beliefs and practices of the Indian culture. Even more so, the client acknowledges and expresses a desire to maintain the beliefs, values, practices that the parents have taught. Being married to a husband who does not actively practice the Indian culture, along with dealing with the expected stressors of being a new wife, taking care of a new house, and starting a new job, Mrs. P. strongly believes that maintain the values and practices of the Indian culture may be an effective coping strategy that Mrs. P is willing and ready to do. Obviously, Mrs. P. recognizes the importance of the Indian culture and is ready to enhance what had been taught to cope with the new life changes. Referring to Appendix B, the author’s goal for the client includes verbalizing the willingness to seek help to regain desired religious beliefs and practices and acknowledging the need to strengthen religious affiliations and become involved in spiritually based programs. These two goals seem appropriate for the client because if Mrs. P is willing to seek help with maintain the Indian culture and acknowledges the need for additional resources to participate in religious activities; the client can enhance religiosity within the newly accepted life transitions. Therefore, the interventions that the author has planned include determining the spiritual state/motivation for growth by ascertaining religious beliefs of family of origin and climate in which client grew up, discussing client’s spiritual commitment, beliefs and values, assisting the client to integrate values and beliefs to achieve a sense of wholeness and optimum balance in daily living by exploring connection of desire to strengthen belief patterns and customs of daily life, and encouraging participation in religious activities, worship/religious services, reading religious materials, etc and provide referral to community sources. In the author’s opinion, the overall plan of care has been adapted to the specific ethnic or cultural beliefs of Mrs. P because the plan addresses the cultural needs of the client. The interventions are client-centered and do not force any assumptions or beliefs of the author or of any other culture. The client has control of the care given. Even more so, communication, education, and religion being incorporated into the plan of care which were what the client expressed as the values and beliefs that are recognized as important. Hence, keeping what is important to the client. Conclusion To review, nurses must be able to provide culturally competent care to diverse individuals of different cultures. Culturally competent care can be accomplished by utilizing cultural assessment tools to better understand clients and other cultures in the community. Assessing the culture of an individual is an essential component in providing quality nursing care. In order to provide culturally diverse care, nurses need to take the time to learn about each client: who the client is, what the client feels and, most importantly, what the client needs. By doing so, nurses will be able to tailor a plan of care that implements interventions that are best appropriate to a client’s specific need, delivering quality nursing care, especially when of a different culture. References Doenges, M. , Moorhouse, M. , & Murr, A. (2006). Nurse’s pocket guide: Diagnoses, prioritized interventions, and rationales (10th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (2006). Foundations of nursing in the community (2nd ed). St Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc. Appendices Appendix A Cultural Assessment of Client I. Brief History of Ethnic and/or racial origins of the cultural group with which the client identifies Q1. What ethnic culture do you identify with? A1. American Indian. Q2. Can you describe a brief history of your ethnic culture? A2. Okay. Q3. Where were your parents born? Where did they grow up? A3. India – Punjab (dad) mom – U. P (Utter Pradesh) Q4. Where were your grandparents born? A4. India Q5. Mother’s parents? A5. Punjab – India Q6. Father’s parents? A6. Punjab – India Q7. How many siblings do you have? A7. 1 younger brother. He is 28 years old. I am 35 years old. Q8. What setting did you grow up in? urban or rural? A8. I’ve lived in Poway, California, all my life. I love it here. My area looks more rural than urban. There is a lot of open land and green grass. We’re near the mountains so we are pretty far from the city life. Q9. What is your native language? A9. Hindi Q10. Do you speak this language? A10. Yes, everyone in my family can. Q11. Do you read your native language? A11. No, just my parents. Q12. Was your original family name changed? A12. No. Well, I just recently got married, so I carry my husband’s name now. Q13. How old were you when you came to the US? (if applicable? ) A13. I was born in U. S. A. My parents, on the other hand, came about 14 years ago. Q14. Who lived with you growing up? A14. Parents and brother II. Values Orientation Q1. What does your culture value? A1. Respect for elders, good education, good family background and connections, and good ethics for the society. Religion is also important. Our culture strives on hard work, vitality, and dynamism. Q2. Compared to western culture, how do you value achievement, materialism, ducation, work, equality, understanding of the environment, rationality and practicality, orderliness, and the quality of life and health? (in terms from your culture, if different? ) A2. I value all these things, especially education and high status in career is important. The type of careers you do are also very important and sets your status in society (doctors and engineers looked upon highly). Growing up, I learned the reputation was highly looked upon so whatever I did, I had to think before I act. Q3. How does your family value these things? A3. My family believes these are also all important, but they do not see these things as items that define a person, but they do appreciate these things. For the most part, upholding the family name and image in society is an important aspect in our culture because family comes first. My family is very family-oriented and respect is expected within our immediate and extended relationships. III. Cultural Sanctions and Restrictions Q1. Any cultural sanctions and restrictions? A1. None that I am aware of. If there were, I certainly was not informed. I guess because my parents do not carry the Indian culture as strict as other families. They try to be very open-minded to living in the United States and understanding the kind of environment that me and my brother live in. IV. Communication Q1. How does your family communicate with each other? A1. We talk to everyone, openly and respectfully. We talk to family, friends, and the people of the community. Q2. How does culture affect the way you communicate to family and with friends? A2. Certain things might not be accepted to be talked about in front of parents such as foul language or sexual topics. Q3. Does your family get along? A3. Definitely! Family is very important, unless something is inappropriate or unacceptable, then that causes problems. But for the most part, being close to family is an essential aspect of our culture. Q4. Have you or do you maintain contact with: Q4a. Aunts, uncles, cousins? Brothers and sisters? Parents? A4a. Yes, especially since I moved out of the house. I try to remain in close contact with everyone. Q5. Did most of your aunts, uncles and cousins live near your home? A5. Yes Q6. How often did you visit family members who lived outside of your home? A6. Every few weeks V. Health-related beliefs and practices Q1. Does your culture believe in traditional health beliefs or practices? A1. Much of what we believe in is related to nutrition. What we eat affects the way we function. For example, some foods are â€Å"hot† and some are â€Å"cold†, and therefore, should only be eaten during certain seasons and not in combination. Depending on what region individuals are from, different families have a different perspective of â€Å"hot† and â€Å"cold† foods. Hindus love to cook and everyone has their own perception of healthy foods, so individuals usually cook dishes that they believe are nutritional to how one may function. Q2. Do you follow any traditional health beliefs or practices? A2. No, not really. I eat whatever my mom used to cook for me. But now that I moved out, I cook whatever I have in the fridge. I don’t really believe in the hot and cold stuff. Q3. Do you do anything to keep healthy or prevent illness? A3. Just eat right and workout. I try to eat well-balanced meals and exercise. VI. Nutrition Q1. Do you prepare foods special to your ethnic background? If yes, describe. A1. I don’t make them since I don’t know how, but my mom makes many different dishes and I enjoy eating them. rajma, cholay, saag) Q2. Are there specific dietary restrictions in your culture? A2. Eating meat is not considered good in our culture, but people still eat it. I, on the other hand, have kept that dietary restriction so I don’t eat meat. VII. Socioeconomic considerations Q1. What is your family’s occupation and education? A1. Well, my dad has masters in business and he works wit h Gateway computers. Mom is a housewife; brother works at Boeing and got a degree from UCSD for management science and economics. Q2. Do you receive financial assistance? A2. No Q3. Are there any plans of changing jobs to earn a little more income? A3. Well, I just recently got hired as a teacher and I have no plans for changing my career any time soon. Honestly, my husband makes money that is definitely sufficient for our income, and I am very fortunate to find a successful man. Q4. Do you own or rent a house? A4. Eventually, we plan to own the new house we just moved into. Q5. How are living arrangements? A5. We currently own a home with 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, a living room, dining room, loft, and patio. I love it here. We’re the only ones living in the house right since we just moved in. So there is a lot of privacy and a lot of space. We are ready to start a family. XIII. Organizations providing cultural support Q1. Are there any organizations that provide cultural support for you or your family? A1. No, but I’m very interested in finding out every since I got married. XIV. Educational background Q1. Describe your educational background? And your husband? A1. I have a BS in Business Administration and my husband has a bachelor’s degree in cellular and molecular biology and in computer engineering, and masters in computer engineering. Q2. Describe your parent’s educational background? A2. Dad – masters in business, mom has degree in psychology XV. Religious affiliation Q1. What is your religious preference? A1. Hinduism Q2. Describe your religious background, beliefs, and practices. Does your family attend Church? A2. Believe in reincarnation and many gods, occasionally attend a temple. For the most part, since I’ve moved out and my husband is not that religious, I tend to practice Hinduism at home and when I’m with my family. My parents strive on religion and since I’ve moved out, I feel like I am not as active as I used to be. Q3. Is your boyfriend/girlfriend the same religion as you, if any? A3. Yes, husband is same religion, but he doesn’t really practice any religious or spiritual activities. Q4. Is your girlfriend/boyfriend the same ethnic background as you? A4. Yes, he is also an American Indian Q5. Do you live in a neighborhood where the neighbors are the same religion and ethnic background as yourself? A5. No, diverse backgrounds in our apartment complex Q6. Do you belong to a religious institution? A6. No, but I think it would be great if I was. Q7. Would you describe yourself as an active member? A7. No. But again, I think being newly married; I think that being religious and spiritual may be a good thing. It’s hard to find the time to participate in religious or spiritual activities, but being a new wife with a new home and job, I think it would be good for me. Q8. How often do you attend your religious institution? A8. Very rarely anymore. I used to with my parents. Q9. Do you practice your religion in your home? A9. Yes Q10. Are your friends from the same religious background as you? A10. No Q11. Are your friends from the same ethnic background as you? A11. No XVI. Cultural aspects of disease incidence Q1. What does your culture believe in when it comes to aspects of disease? A1. Disease and illness is often thought be caused by our culture’s customs and beliefs. From supernatural forces to having excess human needs, individuals can be affected regardless of education and status in life. Some examples I can give you is eating too many candies can lead to ringworm, excessive sexual activity can cause tuberculosis, and diarrhea can be caused by not eating a well-balanced diet. Q2. Any cultural treatments? A2. Some like homeopathic medicines, herbal remedies, others like to mix religion with medicine and observe the patient with the natural environment. Q3. How does your culture view the occurrence of diseases? A3. If it’s a sexual disease it can be looked upon as disrespectful if you are unmarried. Q4. Are there any health problems that could affect your family now? A4. High blood pressure XVII. Biocultural variations Q1. Are you any other culture besides Indian? A1. No. Full American Indian. XVIII. Developmental considerations Q1. Describe family achievements and tasks fulfillment since your family’s start? A1. My parents’ best achievement, as they always tell me, was having me and my brother. Other than that, my family has not had significant achievements. With a stable career and a good neighborhood, my parents have had a good life without changing their line of profession or participating in life-changing events. However, me and my brother graduated from college and have found successful careers. Even more so, I just recently got married and my parents are very proud of me to have found such a good man at the right time. Q2. How has your culture or ethnic identify affected fulfillment of achievements or failures? A2. Growing up, my parents always encouraged me to excel. The expectations of each member were high. From work to school to even household chores, my parents expected the best out of me. In our culture it is expected to always be at the top of your game. This makes you want to always strive for the best and reach for the stars. Q4. From your family’s first start, what health and health-related events and experiences have happened? A4. Well, since I got married, there haven’t been any significant health-related experiences to note. Yet, during my family’ first start, my dad recently had his cataracts taken out. Other than that, I have been blessed with a healthy family for the most part. Appendix B Plan of Care |Interventions |Rationales | |A. Nurse will determine spiritual state/motivation for growth by |A. Early religious training deeply affects children and is carried on | |ascertaining religious beliefs of family of origin and climate in which|into adulthood. Any conflict may family’s beliefs and client’s current | |client grew up. |learning may need to be addressed. | | | |B. Discuss client’s spiritual commitment, beliefs and values. |B. Enables examination of these issues and helps client learn more about| | |self and what he or she desires. | | | | |C. Nurse will assist client to integrate values and beliefs to achieve |C. Becoming aware of how these issues affect the individual’s daily life| |a sense of wholeness and optimum balance in daily living by exploring |can enhance ability to incorporate them into everything he or she does. | |connection of desire to strengthen belief patterns and customs of daily| | |life. | | | | | |D. Nurse will enhance optimum wellness by encouraging participating in |D. Encouragement allows individual to pursue what he or she wants and | |religious activities, worship/religious services, reading religious |referrals allow clients to become aware of what options are available. | |materials, etc and provide referral to community sources. | | ———————– Nursing Diagnosis: Readiness of Enhanced Religiosity related to life changes secondary to getting married, a new house, and a new job AEB by client’s desire to strengthen religious belief patterns and customs that had provided comfort in the past, request for assistance to increase participation in religious beliefs through prayer, and requests for referrals to religious affiliation. Goal 2: Patient will acknowledge need to strengthen religious affiliations and become involved in spiritually based programs of own choice Goal 1: Patient will verbalize willingness to seek help to regain desired religious beliefs and practices Interventions

Humes Account Of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humes Account Of Justice - Essay Example Regarding the nature of justice, especially in case of ownership of a property, Hume finds out some natural motivations for justice, like public interest, self-love and private benevolence. Applying thoughts and reasoning, all the motivations fail to stand as a valid justification, Hume arrives at a point and explains that our sense of justice is not naturally grounded. Justice as per Hume becomes an artificial outcome of human convention and education. Hume explains the emergence of sense of justice from primitive societies and its transition into more advanced societies. Hume explains the dependency of an individual on the society for survival and by the motivation of self-love an individual wants to advance society. At this instant all maintain themselves to respect the acquired passions of others and recognize the stability of possessions as the basic requirement to keep society intact. This concept propagates to provide a sense of common interest, respect for the social norms, a nd a sense of trust in the consistent behavior of others. In this way the process forms a common ground for justice and also forms opinions about property, right and obligation. Hume points that single acts of justice mostly goes in contradiction with the public good, whereas the common experience teaches us that public good is achieved when justice is made as rule.

Organizational and Individual Assessment Report Essay

Organizational and Individual Assessment Report - Essay Example He claimed that the unknown troubles many people; nonetheless, in his leadership position he used the unknown to attain achievement (Schwartz & Gimbel, 2010). For instance, he was one time forced to come up with a shotgun at an instant in order to fight an enemy. He said he used his wit to mix up gunpowder and came up with a shotgun that was used to achieve an unexpected success. He added that people should embrace the unknown and be willing to learn things on a daily basis. Moreover, he also demonstrated that we should be open minded to new ideas and challenges in order to become respected leaders within the society. The second leadership style he applied was to have advisors with diverse worldviews. The captain claimed that he applied advices from a close friend who was a commander and a civilian who was more engrossed into scientific studies. He incorporated advises from both individuals in that they both presented different views when it came to giving advice. Most of the time, t heir advise spark arguments but the captain normally takes his time to assess them and puts into action the advice he perceives to be the best. By having advisors who are different from each other makes him consider himself the best leader (Schwartz & Gimbel, 2010). ... For one to be successful risk taking missions ought to be partaken. The captain was involved in a number of risky missions, and he ensured he was involved in the teamwork. Through teamwork, nothing is impossible and the captain ensured he maximized the power of the team to tackle difficult situations. Therefore, as a leader one ought to be strong to face life risks and challenges (Schwartz & Gimbel, 2010). Through his leadership style and management philosophy style, we learn that for one to be considered an incredible leader we need to keep exploring and learning encouraging others to be creative and innovative by incorporating advice from people with diverse backgrounds. In order, to gain trust and loyalty leaders ought to work with subordinates so that the leader can understand the needs and problems of workers. Risk taking and learning how competitors function is also crucial. By learning how competitors work an organization is able to work in an advanced way. The captain has a c ivilian law bachelor’s degree from Harvard University. He went through physical test before being recruited for training. After the basic recruits, training the captain joined the candidate school where he became a second lieutenant after graduation. as a second lieutenant he was given instruction which were in association to overall mission and purpose of the officer’s branch. This stage assisted the captain to develop leadership skills through working with troops. After a period of four years, he attended captain’s career course and he also requested to pursue his masters at this stage. The captain phase takes more than ten years for one to be promoted to the next rank. The captain was involved in commanding roles and taking

Statistical Mathematics Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Mathematics - Statistics Project Example The peak is flat, which is characterized by kurtosis = -0.05. The peak is off centered; the distribution is slightly skewed to the right, which is marked by skewness = 0.06. Figure 2 illustrates histogram of daytime accidents. Visual inspection shows that the frequency distribution does not have a bell curve shape. The histogram does not have a peak and frequencies are not equally distributed. The peak is flat, which is characterized by kurtosis = -0.07. The peak is off centered; the distribution is moderately skewed to the right, which is marked by skewness = 0.42. Figure 3 illustrates histogram of total vehicles on the street. Visual inspection shows that the frequency distribution does not have a bell curve shape. The histogram resembles the back of a two-humped camel; it is close to a bimodal distribution. The histogram does not have a peak and frequencies are not equally distributed. The peak is flat, which is characterized by kurtosis = -0.88. The peak is off centered; the distribution is moderately skewed to the left, which is marked by skewness = -0.14. The assignment is using a data set that has three variables: daytime car accidents, nighttime car accidents and total observed cars in evaluating number of accidents (Table 1). . The distribution characters of the variable in statistics are measured through the calculation and analysis of central tendency and dispersion of the data set. The following section provides the analysis mentioned above. Each variable has twelve values. The assignment uses mean, mode, median, and midrange to study the central tendency of the data set. Table 2 describes the central tendency. The mean and median tell us about data those are on the right and left sides of theses values. For example, total cars mean is 450. In ascending orders, the set shows that five values are on the left, and seven values are on the right side of the average. When we compare the same set with the median value of

Designing a new project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Designing a new project - Essay Example commercial properties for construction and development, as well as identifying the operations steps required to ensure adequate staffing levels as related to payroll. Further, as part of this expansion initiative, ABC will conduct a strategic assessment of the competitive environment to determine a series of potential best practices for cost reduction and efficiency in this project. There will, of course, be fixed expenditures and variable costs which the new manufacturing facility will incur during its first operational year, however initial budget assessment can determine future methodology in relation to specific areas of cost which might require adjusting. However, the scope of this project is to get the new ABC manufacturing facility up-and-running to full manufacturing capacity, from the ground up, in the period of two years. This proposal highlights the expected operational activities and costs during this project and will provide a review of how progress will be measured and adjusted based on corporate expectations. Identifying a suitable property for development, as Phase One of the project, involves assessing opportunities to seize valuable assets for ABC. The new facility must be within the established budget guidelines and also be sustainable so as not to incur losses in the first series of operating years. However, current trends in the commercial real estate industry have driven prices to, in some instances, record lows (Jones, 28), allowing the company to capitalize on low cost retail property that is market driven. Phase One will also consist of utilizing human capital for the project, which is identified as the labor available at the company’s disposal to ensure productive and efficient operations (Mathis & Jackson, 117). Tangible construction efforts will be handled by external suppliers and professional builders based on a bidding process. As previously mentioned, all supply and purchasing costs can be delivered to the appropriate spending

Race and Your Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Race and Your Community - Essay Example I could see and identify everything around me and it seemed everything was just a copy of yesterday’s, which was a copy of the day before yesterday, and so on. And I guess would be same tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow. People are the same, rushing towards the same definite directions as yesterday. They live by the minute and worry much of what happens the next hour. It is the same with the big cities in the country I came from, but much different from the town I was born and grew up. People in my hometown live by the day instead of by the minute and anxious of what might happen the next year instead of the next hour. Time is pretty slow and lenghty. The last turn towards my apartment building detached me from the bumper to bumper drive. I park just few meters away from the building door. People I have just passed by gave me, as usual, a how-in-the-world-he-is-driving such make of car. My car is not a luxury one, not even that expensive. But what make them give me that look as if I carnapped it is because I am driving a car of their country’s make and that their look seems telling me that I should be driving my own country’s make instead. Why? Don’t they race use Toyota, Hyundai, BMW, or Mercedes? Cars not their own country’s make? They are nice enough not calling 911 for a suspected carnapped car being driven by a member of the visible minority like me. Though not so many people give me such look; there are just a bunch of them. I heave my other bag to my shoulder from the passenger’s fron seat and go off the car. The same disrespectful schoolchildren that have just got out from their school service shout something at me again. I am not sure if they deliberately using an incomprehensible accent for me not to understand what they are yelling at me almost every day. Their school service dump them in front of the same apartment

Chicago Jazz and the Great Migration Term Paper

Chicago Jazz and the Great Migration - Term Paper Example It goes without a word that history on the record can never disappear whatsoever especially the one that cling on the mind. In this respect, jazz and the great migration are histories that people still relish and cherish. They form tremendous memories to people, particularly, of Chicago. In the 20th century, blacks began to move from southern cities to the North in search of decent living. The movement was facilitated by availability of train that provided easy access to the famous Chicago, as well as other northern cities. The mass movement came about after the World War I started in Europe and no foreign workers could immigrate to America. Therefore, many blacks migrated to Chicago and other cities located in the North. It is the most influential newspaper of the black called the Chicago Defender that encouraged this great migration. Thus, through the newspaper blacks thought that the North could be the land of freedom for them. In fact, some blacks would refer it as ‘the pro mised Land. They had suffered a lot in the course of slavery and had a high quest for liberty (Grossman, James R.79). It is through this mass movement that jazz musicians found their way to the North. The jazz musicians came to northern of Chicago on Mississippi riverboats. It was after the closure of New Orleans in Storyville district, in the year 1917. The jazz migration formed a portion of the mass movement experienced in Chicago. From Mississippi river, jazz entered Chicago through the Illinois Central Railroad over the 12th street station. The Railroad is situated 200 miles from Mississippi river in the eastern direction where the riverboats had docked. The mass movement was called The Great Migration. The migration was mainly composed of African Americans that moved from south to north of Chicago. The immigrants came to Chicago for the same whys and wherefores that other people in the world migrated to other

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Article

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Services Program - Article Example ll not only force an organization to develop and define its quality mission, but also ensure that the processes can be understood and actualized by all involved (Santiago, 1999; Hall et al, 2003). Several studies have shown intervention models that have improved the quality of health care and reduced the health care costs. One is the Total Quality Management (TQM) described as the â€Å"development of an organizational culture which is defined by, and supports, the constant attainment of customer satisfaction through an integrated system of tools, techniques and training† (Sashkin and Kiser, 1993 as mentioned in Walsh, Hughes & Maddox, 2002, p. 299). Since customer satisfaction is the goal of TQM, it should have an in-built culture of continuous improvement by focusing on an organisation’s activities on eradicating the causes of defective products and services which should never reach the customer. Blades (1995) discussed the Baxter Health Care Ltd. model for promoting quality improvement. The model involves coming up with pictorial signs to educate or remind staff of the high quality they need to render. These were initially used as slides for training and then turned to posters. It provides a framework for both analysis and education on quality issues, focusing on the elements of total quality management namely communication; commitment; customer focus and continuous improvement. Piette, Ellis, et al (2002) conducted a study with the purpose of determining the most effective quality of care using the facility’s ethical practices. In the study, constant monitoring and investigation ensure quality outcomes. A leadership council was formed, meeting monthly to discuss and communicate regarding corporate compliance and personnel programs, clinical outcomes reviews, and clinical issues. All committees and councils reported to the Board of Directors on the progress of their project. The study design utilized a clinical practice committee breakdown of the

Alcohol Abuse among College Students and Programs to prevent it Research Paper

Alcohol Abuse among College Students and Programs to prevent it - Research Paper Example A research conducted by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) revealed that alcohol related deaths among college students has been on the rise in the United States (Reinberg). This implies that underage drinking is seriously affecting the country mainly because of premature deaths. Alcohol has its health problems but heavy drinkers have a higher probability of engaging in other risky behaviors such as drank driving and engaging in unprotected sex among others (Hanson). All new undertakings are exciting and this is the reason why college students are faced with challenging environments as they start living away from home. It is worth noting that college students have very many challenges because most of them are living away from home for the first time. College students suddenly realize that they have become their own masters because their parents’ vigilance is no longer there. After they realize that they are independent, most of them are tempted to test t he things, which they have never done. Moreover, the pressures associated with college education drives many students into engaging in alcohol and other drug abuse (Labrie, Pedersen, & Tawalbeh 25). 2.0 Alcohol Abuse among College Students According to Reinberg, it has been established that in excess of thirty percent of Americans have had problems with alcohol at a certain stage of their lives. 17.8% have abused alcohol while 12.5% are alcohol dependent. Alcohol abuse leads to daily living problems, financial problems and interpersonal problems that are caused by excessive drinking. It has been established that majority of the people start to drink when they are very young. Although the government has put in place measures to control underage drinking it has been very hard to implement it because of technological advances, which enable underage people to buy alcohol via the internet. Those who sell alcoholic beverages via the internet should come up with ways of establishing the ag es of their customers (Labrie, Pedersen, & Tawalbeh 25). Studies have established that higher education drinkers are heavy drinkers and they are supposed to be responsible. Despite the measures that the government has taken to reduce college drinking, studies have established that annually, more than one thousand and four hundred college students die from alcohol related events, which are mainly associated with road accidents. Researchers have established that around two million students in college drive under alcohol’s influence occasionally and in addition, about three million of them ride with colleagues who are under the influence. This is the leading cause of deaths among young people in the United States because they do not care about what happens when they are drank (Monahan et al 290). 2.1 The Role of Parents in the Care of Their Children Parents have a leading role to play when it comes to reducing binge drinking among their children. This can be attributed to the fa ct that parents are the best people who are in a position to understand their children’s behaviors. Heavy episodic drinking is a problem that is common across the world. Although it varies from one place another, it is important to acknowledge that it

The Role of Non-State Actors Essay Example for Free

The Role of Non-State Actors Essay 5.1 Introduction It is generally recognized that the process of building a capable state requires the participation of all the vital forces of a nation. A capable state is one that has all the attributes of a modern, strong, responsible and responsive state, a state capable of effectively discharging its duties of delivering security, peace, prosperity and other pubic goods to its people. Although the state has traditionally been considered as the focal point of this process, other sectors, including non-state ones, have an important role to play, and the importance of this role has grown significantly over the past couple of decades as the limitations of the post-colonial state in providing for the needs of its people have been made all too clear. 1 It is thus important to identify these other actors and recognise those areas wherein they can contribute, and have indeed contributed, to the process, as well as to appreciate better their nature, their mode of intervention, the constraints hampering their action as well as to explore ways in which their participation can be rendered more fruitful and less problematic. But before we delve into the subject of non-state actors and their role in the creation of the capable state in Africa, it would be useful to look into just what the capable state is and means, and what it has meant for the African continent since the advent of independence half a century ago. 5.2 Definitional Issues 5.2.1 Overview The capable state may be defined as one that effectively fulfils its obligations to its constituents by providing and safeguarding a range of goods, both tangible and intangible,2 that assure its people of a secure public space wherein they can live and love, produce and reproduce, and pursue the enjoyment of the fruits of their labour and love. Such a state will have attributes such as territorial integrity, public order and safety under the rule of law; ample political space for individual and group self-realisation; and socio-economic justice and equity that minimise conflict and foster intra-national peace and harmony. It is the absence of these attributes within states that creates what have come to be known as â€Å"failed†, â€Å"failing† or â€Å"dysfunctional† states, whose common denominator are varying degrees of precariousness. In these terms, the African state that came into being upon decolonisation had its work cut out. From centuries of successive forms of extreme exploitation, oppression and brutalisation, African nations found themselves confronted with the daunting task of, on the one hand, putting in place governance systems that would ensure the survival of the nation-state that was essentially an artificial creation of the colonial regime, cobbled up from a multitude of disparate and often mutually hostile ethnic entities and, on the other, assure a minimum of livelihood for the people by delivering education, health and other social services, securing good prices for agricultural produce, providing jobs through mining and Mabogunje, A.L. Institutional Radical isation, the state and the development process in Africa. Development Policy Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000. 2 Anyang’ Nyong’o, Governance, Poverty and Sustainable Development in Africa, in The Quest for Equity in Access to Health and Development, Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development in Kenya. Industrialisation, and generally taking care of the nation, including providing welfare for those who could not fend for themselves. Herculean as these tasks were the first crop of African leaders assumed them with gusto. In fact it was the leaders who enthusiastically promoted these expectations, either because they needed seductive promises to make their peoples rally to the anti-colonial banner, or because they genuinely believed that once the colonialists were out of the way all was possible. Mkandawire3 sheds a harsh light on this â€Å"central preoccupation† with â€Å"development†. â€Å"African leaders have always been aware of the need for some nationalist-cum-developmentalist ideology for both national building and development†¦ The quest for an ideology to guide the development process inspired African leaders to propound their own idiosyncratic and often incoherent ‘ideologies’ to ‘rally the masses’ for national unity and dev elopment. If such ideologies are still absent it is definitely not for lack of trying.† Thus, it was made possible for people to expect that the state would do everything for them, in this way fostering the concept of l’Etatprovidence, the provider State. Some African states did indeed attempt, with varying degrees of success, to deliver on some of their promises, but it did not take long for most of these attempts to prove Sisyphean, rolled back by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following: a) Poor governance and managerial practices; b) Over-centralisation of power in the hands of a small group, or of one individual; c) Emergence of authoritarian/dictatorial/military regimes; d) Failure/reluctance to devolve power and responsibilities to local authorities; e) State corruption; f) Ethnic bias, nepotism, exclusion of whole sections of populations; g) Deterioration of terms trade on the world market; h) Unsustainable levels of state intervention in delivering social services; i) A crippling dependency syndrome on the part of populations hea vily reliant on government handouts, and on the part of governments dangerously dependent on donor handouts.4 By the end of the 1980s, it had become clear that the various development strategies different African countries had followed had not led to the desired outcomes. Despite the earlier promise of the 1960s, and the modest but positive growth figures of the 1970s, the 1980s came to be known as the ‘lost decade’, a grim epitaph epitomizing the shattered dreams of a whole continent, a reality from which African countries, having lost their initial elegance, have not fully emerged to this day. The World Bank blamed this inability to deliver development on â€Å"a strategy (that) was misconceived† in the sense that in their hurry to modernize, African governments were wont to copy rather than adapt Western development models, with the result that they found themselves with â€Å"poorly designed public investment in industry; too little attention to peasant agriculture; too much intervention in areas where the state lacked managerial, technical and entrepreneurial skills; and too little efforts to foster grassroots development.† This top down approach, according to the World Bank, â€Å"demotivated ordinary people, whose en ergies needed to be mobilized in the development effort.† It has been rather a case of ‘double jeopardy’ in the sense that the State that promised to deliver economic development – the ‘developmental State’ – also took away political and individual rights, constricting the political space in which citizens could enjoy full political participation, the argument being that incessant political bickering and rivalry would sap the developmental potential and undermine the nation building project. In the end, the African State, caught up in its ‘developmentalist’ quest, delivered neither economic development nor democratic governance6. The State became more ‘commandist,’ more intolerant of contrary ideas from its citizens, less reluctant to devolve power to local entities, more given to the use of force as a solution to political issues, and gradually descended into the mire of autocratic rule, the more egregious of which were military dictatorships and/or, later, rule by warlords and their militias. Faced with this stark reality, it became imperative to rethink governance with a view to finding alternative ways of confronting the development challenges of our peoples. At this same time, towards the end of Africa’s ‘lost decade’, momentous events were taking place in the world that were destined to usher in a major paradigmatic shift in world political relations. The end of the ‘Cold War’ was unfolding even as efforts were being made to see African countries ‘democratise’ and the discourse of that process threw to the fore a hitherto little heeded breed of protagonists, variously known as civil society, NGOs or non state actors. In Eastern Europe, some of these organisations played a central role in bringing about the fall of the Communist regimes, such as was evidenced, especially, by the Polish experience with the workers, union-based Solidarnos, as well as other civil society movements in Romania, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslov akia and the Soviet Union itself. Although there is little evidence to suggest that these movements sustained their role in the new, post-Communist governance systems –except that a trade union leader took over the State in Poland, and a poet in the Czech Republic – their importance had been recognized and stood ready to be deployed elsewhere. Africa, just like Eastern Europe, was emerging from a long period of negative development, and, as such, it was thought, what had worked in the former Communist regimes might work in African countries. As we shall see later, this would have a bearing on the way many of these non state actors, whether packaged as Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) or simply Non State Actors (NSAs), would be viewed in many African countries, which would also, to a large extent, inform their effectiveness on the ground.

Explore how Jane Austen presents the themes of love and marriage in volume 1 of Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Explore how Jane Austen presents the themes of love and marriage in volume 1 of Pride and Prejudice Essay It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. The novel begins with a satirical quote, representing many peoples opinions on love and marriage at the time of writing. To many, marriage was a way of bettering themselves socially and economically, but seldom for happiness and love. Throughout the novel there are numerous and frequent references to this way of thinking, and Austen makes characters who think of love and marriage in this way appear ridiculous. One character made to look absurd is Mrs. Bennet. Most find her intolerable, and even her own daughters and husband are embarrassed by her regularly. In chapter one she says, A single man of large fortune What a fine thing for our girls! Nothing of Mr. Bingleys character is mentioned, but the fact that he is wealthy seems reason enough for Mrs. Bennet to approve of him. As will be future explored, Mrs. Bennet is derided throughout the novel, clearly showing that Austen herself does not approve of her way of thinking, as it is centred around the material rather than being centred around love or moral reasons. Despite being under constant pressure from her mother, due to the details of the entailment on the Bennets estate, Jane Bennet desires to marry for love, and eventually does so. The ever-important matter of money, however, does lie at the back of her mind. In chapter four, Elizabeth says, I give you leave to like him. You have liked many a stupider person. This suggests that Jane has courted men before, but they have either been lacking in character or in money, so she has not pursued their affections. In chapter four following the first ball a conversation between Jane and Elizabeth Bennet takes place. Rather than mentioning Bingleys fortune, Jane states that she admirers him due to his being sensible, good humoured, lively and states that she has never seen such happy manners. Throughout the book Jane is described positively, which influences the reader to think highly of her and views on marrying for love as just. Elizabeth, too, is presented as sensible and likeable. Though she mentions that the moment she fell in love with Mr. Darcy was after first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley, she also mentions that she fell in love with him gradually, ensuring that his wealth was not the only factor taken in to account as she accepted his second proposal of marriage. Her primary interest seems to be in marrying for love, as she turned down a proposal from Mr. Collins which would have ensured her money, a home and a good reputation. With all of this taken into account, Eliza refuses due to Mr. Collins personality and the fact that she does not love him. In chapter nineteen Mr. Collins another ridiculed character makes his first proposal to Elizabeth. He makes it clear that he only makes the proposal due to Catherine DeBurghs advice. He also thinks it may benefit his happiness, though mentions nothing of hers. Much of the proposal is an insult to Miss Bennet as he retells Lady Catherines exact words (let her be an active, useful person, not brought up too high). Mr. Collins obviously does not love Elizabeth, nor is he pretending so. He seems to think that, due to the fact that he has good connections, Elizabeth would jump at the chance of marrying him. She refuses politely, yet Mr. Collins cannot see why she would refuse his offer. He is a prime example of someone who doesnt think love is a necessity for a successful marriage. He sees his proposal as an honourable gesture; as a way to compensate the Bennet family for the fact that he shall inherit the house upon Mr. Bennets death, but somewhat selfishly to better his own status and comfort. Soon after this, as Mr. Collins retreats with a slightly bruised ego, we learn that Miss Charlotte Lucas, a close friend of the Bennets, has accepted another proposal from Collins, presumably one of the same type. After Elizabeth confronts her on the news of their engagement Charlotte justifies her thoughts with the following: I am not romantic I ask only a comfortable home connections, and situation in life, I am convinced my chance of happiness with him is fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. This, as well as her earlier comment relating to Jane fixing Mr. Bingley (almost as though discussing an animal, or assuming Bingley is broken due to his being unmarried). Perhaps Charlotte only seeks the above, or perhaps she is worried about what her peers would say about her being unmarried at such an age. In this period in time, women were talked about if unmarried in their late twenties. Someone with an opposite view to Charlotte is Caroline Bingley. Where the Bennet sisters and Charlotte Lucas aim to marry high and ensure their financial security, Caroline seems to scorn them for wishing to do so. She disapproves of Jane and her brothers relationship, which can be gathered from her trying to keep the fact that Jane was in London at the same time as her brother a secret. She seems convinced that her friends marrying anyone of a lower rank would be shameful, and that anyone wishing to marry her brother of Mr. Darcy must be after their money. While chasing the hope of gaining a desirable social status and money, Caroline Bingley may well forget about love and, even if it ever came along, may well suppress it in hopes of something better. The issue of indipendence may also be one that Miss Bingley considers. She lives with her brother and has to up and leave when he does so. The security and indipendence a marriage would bring is surely something she would have looked forward to. Her friend, Mr. Darcy, is well aware of womens attitudes at the time. He even goes as far as to warn his best friend against Jane Bennet, as he fears that she doesnt love Bingley as is only showing an interest in him for his wealth. This cynical attitude may have grown due to his pride and perhaps the effect of spending too much time with Charles Bingleys sisters. This seems evermore the case when listening to the piano at Netherfield; he thinks to himself that it may become dangerous to pay too much attention to Lizzy. He makes it clear that he regards her of a lower class in his refused proposal (He spoke well, but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed His sense of her inferiority of its being a degradation of the family obstacles.) and is obviously concerned about other peoples opinions. Despite the fact that the story ends happily and both Elizabeth and Jane marry for love, the underlying theme of the novel is, predictably, pride and prejudice. Lydia, though eager to marry Wickham for love, runs the risk of being ostracised due to her living with him outside of wedlock. This, in turn, would ruin the reputation of her sisters. Despite being in love, would Darcy and Bingley want to get married to the siblings of a disgraced woman? If Darcy had not have been able to persuade Wickham to marry Lydia, would he in turn have abandoned Elizabeth? Though Austen strongly hints that she approves of marrying for love rather than money (through satirising some characters and not others), it is clear that reputation and etiquette were still as important, if not more important than love in ones marriage.

Amplitude Equations Using Pendulums

Amplitude Equations Using Pendulums

Narrative Essay: A Canoeing Adventure :: Personal Narrative Essays

A Canoeing Adventure    Although I was born in Texas, my father was transferred when I was just ten and I spent most of my impressionable years in a tiny village a few minutes from a national park.   This move to a rural area was an event that changed my life forever. Surrounded by beautiful forests and lakes, most of my free time was spent romping through the woods, navigating rivers in a canoe and camping in the many provincial parks nearby.    At the university, I came across a group of students who had never experienced "the great outdoors" before. Most of their lives had been spent in the hustle and bustle of big cities such as New York and Chicago. They wanted me to show them what it was that inspired me to head north every weekend with a truck packed to the brim with camping gear. I explained to them that the only way that they could experience my passion for nature would be to join me on one of my outings. They agreed, and I designed a four day canoeing/camping weekend for five men and two women in Algonquin Park, one of Canada's finest treasures. I felt that this trip was well planned (two months in the making). But once the trip was underway, it was evident that there were a lot of things that I hadn't planned for.    Four hours into the canoeing, our map blew out of the boat and could not be found. Our only compass was attached to it. Not having been on this river before, I had to navigate by instinct. This method takes considerably longer and nightfall was creeping up on us. Various hazzards such as beaver dams and unseasonably low water levels exhausted us as we pulled the canoes, rather than paddled them through these areas. Before we knew it, darkness had overtaken us and we were far from our designated campsite. The surrounding area was extremely marshy and I couldn't find any solid land. Taking a rope out of my bag, I lashed the three canoes together to form a raft and then anchored off for the night. The evening sky was clearer than I had ever seen it before. Sleeping in a canoe is far from comfortable, but accompanied by brilliant stars and the sounds of wolves howling from the nearby hilltops, not one person complained.

Out of Maos Shadow Essay -- Chinese Communist Party, Politics

For several decades, since the death of Mao Zedong, dissidence among the public has increased against the single-party system of Mao’s Chinese Communist Party, or CCP. The CCP, which Mao co-founded, has ruled China since 1949 with little or no opposition party. The ruling party has long crushed dissent since its founding. Three authors have looked into the dissidence. The first is Merle Goldman in her analytical essay of the intellectual class in China entitled â€Å"China’s Beleaguered Intellectuals† (2009). In this essay, Goldman focuses on the intellectuals’ struggle for political and intellectual freedom from the CCP. Goldman’s view for the future of China is one containing more political freedoms. On the other hand, Andrew G. Walder’s critical essay â€Å"Unruly Stability: Why China’s Regime Has Staying Power,† (2009) refutes Goldman’s claim that China’s intellectuals have the ability to change domestic poli cy. He argues that, while political dissent has become more commonplace, the CCP and authoritarian control is here to stay. The third author, Philip P. Pan and his novel Out of Mao’s Shadow: The Struggle for the Soul of a New China (2008) has a more neutral tone and shows both the side of the intellectuals and the CCP. This paper will use Pan’s book in order to determine which view, either Goldman’s or Walder’s, is correct. The first section of Pan’s book called â€Å"Remembering,† discusses two of the major role-players, Zhao Ziyang and Lin Zhao, during the different campaigns and revolutions throughout China’s history, and the way the public recalls their deaths. Both Zhao Ziyang and Lin Zhao’s lives and deaths received differing treatment by the government censors and the public. Zhao Ziyang was an important senior member in the C... ...ially thousands of people that would otherwise die unnecessarily. Both Goldman and Walder make excellent points both backed by Pan’s book. The argument that Walder makes is very convincing: that government and all of its censorship is here to stay. The reaction to the reformers are usual overblown and extreme. They are also highly immoral and go against human rights. However, Goldman’s argument is much stronger. Since the rise of a semi-capitalistic society under the market reforms of the 1980’s and the Tiananmen Square protests the voices of political dissent and change have been on the rise, and from the examples provided, especially after the year 2000. The party has effectively been losing power thanks in large part to the internet and the rise of the lawyers like Pu. Therefore, the political status quo in China is changing, no matter what the party says.

The Big Sleep - The Movie and The Book :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

The Big Sleep - The Movie and The Book One would think that it would be quite easy to adapt a novel to a screenplay; after all, what is there to do but turn the dialogue into lines and description into set design? However, common sense, aided by the horrifying number of absolutely awful adaptations, dictates that it simply is not that easy. When moviegoers have problems with a film adaptation of a book, their complaints tend to lie in the tendency of the creators of the film to change elements of the story: plot, character, and the like. It would seem, then, that the best way to make a successful adaptation of a novel would be to just stay as true as possible to every detail mentioned in the book. However, staying as true as possible to plot points, character type, and the like may be the best way to a horrendous adaptation. In moving from the printed page to the silver screen, moviemakers must be aware that they are not simply reproducing a narrative&emdash;they are changing the medium by which the narrative is presented. Oddly enough, cinema lends itself easily to some of the tenets of writing well: namely, the command of, "show, don't tell." In cinema, there is no option, really, of telling, "the details are not asserted as such by a narrator but simply presented." (Chatman 406). The use of a voiceover, of course, is an option, but even the voice of an omniscient narrator cannot stop the viewer from seeing the images and interpreting what he sees. In movies, the viewer does his own telling. The very nature of The Big Sleep, then, makes adaptation difficult. The entire narrative is described by a character within the story space: Marlowe tells us the entire story. Our view of the plot, then, is clouded by Marlowe's sight. Being a character within the story space, he has his own feelings and his own reactions to what happens to and around him, and he passes those reactions&emdash;albeit unconsciously&emdash;to the reader, who, also unconsciously, picks up on them. Marlowe does not act the role of mediator, though, in the film version of The Big Sleep. The Big Sleep - The Movie and The Book :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast The Big Sleep - The Movie and The Book One would think that it would be quite easy to adapt a novel to a screenplay; after all, what is there to do but turn the dialogue into lines and description into set design? However, common sense, aided by the horrifying number of absolutely awful adaptations, dictates that it simply is not that easy. When moviegoers have problems with a film adaptation of a book, their complaints tend to lie in the tendency of the creators of the film to change elements of the story: plot, character, and the like. It would seem, then, that the best way to make a successful adaptation of a novel would be to just stay as true as possible to every detail mentioned in the book. However, staying as true as possible to plot points, character type, and the like may be the best way to a horrendous adaptation. In moving from the printed page to the silver screen, moviemakers must be aware that they are not simply reproducing a narrative&emdash;they are changing the medium by which the narrative is presented. Oddly enough, cinema lends itself easily to some of the tenets of writing well: namely, the command of, "show, don't tell." In cinema, there is no option, really, of telling, "the details are not asserted as such by a narrator but simply presented." (Chatman 406). The use of a voiceover, of course, is an option, but even the voice of an omniscient narrator cannot stop the viewer from seeing the images and interpreting what he sees. In movies, the viewer does his own telling. The very nature of The Big Sleep, then, makes adaptation difficult. The entire narrative is described by a character within the story space: Marlowe tells us the entire story. Our view of the plot, then, is clouded by Marlowe's sight. Being a character within the story space, he has his own feelings and his own reactions to what happens to and around him, and he passes those reactions&emdash;albeit unconsciously&emdash;to the reader, who, also unconsciously, picks up on them. Marlowe does not act the role of mediator, though, in the film version of The Big Sleep.

An appreciation of ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edgar Allan Poe and ‘The Confession’ by Charles Dickens Essay

This assignment asks for an appreciation of the stories by Edgar Allen Poe ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ and Charles Dickens ‘The Confession’. I will start by exploring Edgar Allen Poe’s story and style of writing, how it captivates the reader, building suspense and terror. I will then explore Charles Dickens ‘Confession’ And finally following my analysis of the two stories I will compare and contrast the different styles. Edgar Allen Poe’s story ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ describes how the perpetrator plans and executes a vicious attack on an old man. This story is told in an autobiographical format with the author describing his state of mind, questioning his own sanity. He calmly describes how there was no object or passion that caused him to commit the heinous act of murder as he describes his love for the old man. His only explanation is his victims ‘eye’ which he describes as vulture like and intimidating. He disassociates the ‘eye ‘ from the old man and it is the eye that drives him to commit the crime. He talks of his dissimulation in planning the old man’s death and how e treated him during the week prior to killing him, how he taunted him, stalked him, and preyed upon him at midnight (witching hour), this sinister act of voyeurism is unpleasant and adds to the tension of the story. It was only until the seventh night when he realised that to rid himself of the ‘Evil Eye’ he need to have the old man’s eye open to commit the act. On the eighth night he describes how he carefully taunts the old man describing his actions as clever and skilled, hysteria sets in and finds the events exhilarating, which is further compounded by his knowledge that the old man was fearful of intruders and robbers to realise the real danger is from within. He describes the fear and panic the old man is experiencing when he hears someone in his room, he goes on to empathise and understand how the old man is rationalising for the noise he heard. The author gives a description of a Grim Reaper, stalking in the shadows and enveloping the victim. He builds suspense and describes the web that he’s weaving to rid himself of the ‘vulture eye’. He describes seeing the ‘eye’ as freezing him and bringing his focus purely on the ‘eye’ completely detaching the old man from the ‘eye’. He recalls hearing the old man’s heart beating like a drum ‘It was a low, dull, quick sound- much such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton’. His acuteness of hearing increases the loudness of the heart beat it’s then he describes nervousness mixed with excitement. It’s with this increasing loudness that he fears he will by heard by neighbours that he enters the room dragging the old man to the floor pulling the mattress on top of him, where as the heart beat becomes muffled and finally stops. He describes the man as being stone dead and not troubling him any longer. In the concluding paragraphs he talks of how he concealed the body, dismembering the body cutting off the old man’s head and limbs and depositing them under the floor boards, believing himself to be clever. However the actions at such early hours raised suspicions. This brought three policemen knocking at the door, alerted by a neighbour hearing a shriek, in the middle of the night. The murderer invited the policemen in to search the house and take a rest from their duties. He showed his boldness, by placing the chairs above where he concealed the body. It was then he describes hearing a ringing much the same as the beating of the heart. He describes it as catching his breath, in fear that the officers also heard the beating. His anxiety increased and his paranoia set in. With the policemen not making a move to go he feared that they had heard the beating, it was so loud to him he thought they were bound to hear it and that he confessed to committing the deed and exposed the body to the police. There the story ends and we can only guess at the murderer’s sentence. ‘The Confession’ This is an autobiographical story which takes places in a retrospective view of the author’s life. This is a story that tells a confession of a condemned man. He talks of his childhood where he is victim to his own low self esteem with a few friends and his relationship with his brother. He is extremely jealous of his sibling because he perceives him as better than him ‘He was open-hearted and generous, handsomer than I, more accomplished, and generally beloved’ his friends and acquaintances would say ‘†¦they were surprised to find two brothers so unlike in their manners and appearance’. Then it tells of how his brother has been struck with a terminal illness. He talks of his marriage to his brother’s sister-in-law and describes this additional tie as estranging them further. He disliked his sister-in-law for he felt she could see through him, and see his jealousy, and so he could not meet her eyes but felt hers constantly digging into him. Only relieved by a quarrel, and her subsequent death, she both frightened and haunted him. She died shortly after her birth of her son. And on his brother’s death bed the child was placed in his care and should the child die all property and possessions pass onto to his wife. With ‘†¦a few brotherly words with me, deploring our long separation; and being exhausted, fell into a slumber, from which he never awoke.’ The author talks of his own childless relationship and how his wife took the place of the child’s mother. It was the child’s infatuation with his wife that he found disturbing as within him he saw his natural mother’s intuition, her face and her spirit which caused him to mistrust the boy to the point of obsession. He increasingly become uneasy in the child’s presence, he showed him fear and hate. The boy kept his distance whenever possible. He could not recall when these feelings came upon him and initially he wished the child no ill. The thoughts crept upon him until they overtook his whole thought patterns. He describes uneasiness when in the child’s focus, he become fixated on how easy it would be to kill the child. He began stalking the child, watching him, undertaking his tasks. As in the Tell Tale Heart this unhealthy voyeurism is vividly described to great effect- ‘I never could bear that child should see me’ in the Confession and ‘†¦ a pale blue eye, with film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in a Tell Tale Heart. He goes on to describe how he grooms the child by modelling a model boat and waiting for him to go to the river to float it where he had planned to carry out the crime. He describes how he waited for three days until the child went to the river and when he was about to commit the crime the child saw his shadow in the water. It was as if the child’s mother’s eyes were starring back at him. In a moment lost in time the author appears to have mixed recollections of the event, one the child running for escape and the other when he is confronted with the child’s dead body lying at his feet stabbed by his sword. With his wife away from home he planned to bury the child in the garden and he became obsessed by the murder he committed. He talks of his feigned distress at being told the child was missing and how he had to break the news to his wife. He carried out the actions of a grieving parent raising no suspicions whilst all day long watching the new turf being laid hoping to add speed to the process. He talks of disturbed sleep, waking from nightmares and constantly needing re-assurance ‘†¦ and thus I spent the night in fits and starts, getting up and lying down full twenty times, and dreaming the same dream over and over again,’ he became paranoid and terrorised by his actions, fearful of discovery; he started to hear whispers on the wind- ‘†¦ a breath of air sighed across it, to me it whispered murder.’ This increased his fear. Then he goes on to describe how on the fourth day visitors from his earlier regiment called upon him. He invited them into the garden and set the chairs out on top of the child’s grave. They ask after his wife and the child, unsettling him a ‘theme’ in his life and his paranoia sets in. He is obviously terrified they would discover his secret. In attempt to hide his fear he asks the men if the child has been murdered. They attempted to re-assure him there was nothing to gain from killing an innocent child. Then as they were attempting to raise his spirits, two bloodhounds bounded into the garden and began pacing and sniffing the ground, until they came upon the murderer’s chair they began to howl. The visitors said that the dogs had made a discovery. It was then the murderer became hysterical that his two visitors after a battle restrained him, during which time the dogs tore at the earth and on seeing this, the murderer dropped to his knees and confessed the truth and begged for forgiveness. Then he retracts his confession for which he’s tried and found guilty. His only Solace is the fact that his wife has lost all her faculties and does not know his and hers own misery and his guilt. I wonder, however, if our ‘hero’ was truly repentant or just searching for sympathy since he has been found out – disguising what was really inside as he had done all his life. Perhaps we’ll never know the real badness. There are many similarities between both stories. ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ is autobiographical description/confession of the murder of a victim known by the perpetrator. It describes the careful process and preparation/planning of the murder and how the murderers own paranoia and psychosis results in the confession. They both describe the careful stalking of the victims. ‘The Confession’ by Charles Dickens is also an autobiographical description/confession of the murder in which the victim is known to the murderer and also he describes the preparation and once again has confessed as a result of paranoia. Both stories use the technique of repetition to create tension and suspense, and the use of short sharp sentences are also used to construct the state of panic of which both murderer’s encounter when they are discovered. The contrasts between the two stories are that ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edgar Allan Poe talks of his love for the victim, but fear of the eye. There is no financial gain to the murder on the death of the victim. The author describes no regret or remorse for the act and prides himself on the cleverness of his actions, Edgar Allan Poe tells the story through a psychotic murderer, whereas in Charles Dickens ‘The Confession’, the author tells the story through more of a thinking and tactical murderer. The author dislikes the victim altogether with no love loss between them. There is a gain from the death of the victim. And during more rational times the murderer talks of much regret and remorse.

Pepsi Saudi Arabia

The equilibrise Scorecard (BSC) was amplifyed by Kaplan and Norton in the 1990s, it is a heed musical arrangement jockeying to measuring stick the accurate execution of a connection by measuring any pertinent angles of the come withs mathematical military trading trading operations. BSC requires the smart set to retain its core m wizardtary meter, further it goes further and expands the mensuration to other substantial chore argonas. The BSC poses at the perfect argumentation from iv statuss, the node horizon, pecuniary sight, the congenital occupation put to work and the learning and maturation perspective. It collects and tumbles entropy relevant to the luxuriously society.And it helps managers to turn cle arr to a greater extent(prenominal) heart and soulful fit of their come with, which in acidify en sufficients them to plan, improve and execute operational goals. The mark of this paper is to advocate the adaptation of BSC by Pe psi Saudi. The strength and economic advantages of BSC and why it would be beneficial to Pepsi Saudi go forthing be extensively discussed in this chip ination. PEPSI SAUDI ARABIA The Pepsi political graphic symboly of Saudi Arabia is comprised of both key di wads establish on the occidental region of the country, oneness the Saudi Inter content Project union (SIPCO) and the other is Saudi Fruit juice and Beverage Industry (SFJBI).This paper leave behind look at this optical fusion and how it could subroutine the BSC methodological analysis to elevate its entire operation and increase its profit margin. BALANCE wit (BSC). Developed in the 1990s by Kaplan and Norton, equilibrise nonice is a channel centering establishment that social occasions mea reliablement to verify strategic plans. It tries to align telephone circuit operations to the strategies of the trade, by measuring the surgery of the line of business in relations to its goals, usu whollyy for a prone beat period. It relies largely on the forgo that a business principle or a business function that could be flierd could likewise be depart upon.What nominates mea reald gets done. If a company finish establish a cadence placement to analyze its capital punishment, w herefore that company asshole find a counseling to improve on its execution establish on the result of the mensuration. Experts gener tout ensembley run that the companies that take the sentence to cadency their consume exercise usu completelyy does correct than the companies who do no possess the to a faultls of step. Based on the outcome of a business beat BSC encourages managers to prioritize their efforts. The BSC does non centralise on pecuniary measuring sticks only if, beca call financial cadence just can non reveal all the all- central(prenominal) entropy gather upedfor wide edge performance. The equilibrized bill incorporates more(prenominal)(prenominal) busin ess elements al-Qaidad on the clients chooses, employees, technology, and other scathing elements that could help the company emerge stronger in the future. Essentially BSC takes stock of the whole business. It uses the feedback spiral to pin consign all problematic aras and because it fixs solutions for them. Managers and employees can accordingly learn from those alludes that had been set by the loop. It looks at the companys current position therefore lead offs the un obviateable strategies for correction. It uses learning, technical innovations and appropriate styleal shifts and cultural identities to accommodate inborn actions for the realise of the company. BSC also sets aside time to bailiwick the applications that consecrate been implemented, and hence analyzes the results for say-so of those mechanisms or lack of enduringness. THE FOUR prospectS AT A GLANCE The BSC uses data to forge performance direction with the first impersonal being the murd er of corporate outline. The BSC methodology primarily employs quadruplet perspectives financial, client, business crop perspectives and learning and maturement perspectives.It calculates present performance without ignoring the importance of future performance. (1) FINANCIAL emplacement The BSC recognizes the importance of financial data, still it does non want the emphasize on financial data to overshadow the other inevitable perspectives that deserve equal amount of attention. In BSC enough, timely and accurate funding be seen as key business requisites. just now the BSC methodology goes a piffling further, it emphasizes that financial data be taked in the corporate data base and be open by automation. The BSC method also explores financial risk assessments and cost advance analysis as carve upof the data collection in the financial perspective. (This provide be discussed in gunpoint in the briny formation of the paper) (2)CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE The BSC metho dology advocates guest focus and satisfaction, it insists that the company must(prenominal) non only satisfy its customers but it must do so without losing money in an onslaught to can greatest operate or products to those customers. According to the BSC, the customer perspective is a key indicator of the on the job(p)(a) health of the company. Poor customer performance is usually an sign of corporate performance in the future.If the customers be not meet they lead take their businesses nearwhere else, and that is an indication of poor business performance in the future. BSC mandates a satisfaction metric to measure the customer satisfaction. The aim is to identify all customer groups, analyze their fates and go out services to them accordingly. that the company cannot overstep government agency to lose profitability in an attempt to satisfy its customers. ( This will be discussed in detail in the of import body of the essay). (3) BUSINESS PROCESS PERSPECTIVE The BSC defines this as the internal process. It replaces the managers to blend in familiarwith the functions of the company, and it services and operations. It eviscerates sure that the products and services meets the requirement of the customers. This is highly internal, i. e the process is preferably developed and handled by corporate managers and throwers as who brook intragroup familiarity of the company, as impertinent to consultants who be essentially corporate outsiders. The mission orientated process refers to the functions of government offices, and they could present whatever(prenominal) unique problems. On the other hand, the fight process is more repetitive and generic wine and whence easier to measure. (Thiswill be discussed in detail in the primary(prenominal) body of the study). (4) acquirement AND harvest-home PERSPECTIVE The BSC describes this perspective as employee teach in corporate refining as healthy up as several(prenominal) training and improvement. It sees employees as the mainstay of the corporation. The training would be regular and continuous. The idea is to avoid brain drain from the company. So employees would be trained in all rude(a) and relevant technologies. Kaplan and Norton emphasized that learning is more than training, it includes mentors and tutors in the cheek. (Kaplan&Norton 1996). (This will be discussed in detail in the main body of the study).CAN PEPSI SAUDI BENEFIT FROM BSC? To tell that question it is important to know where Pepsi Saudi came from in preconditions of business its indistinguishability and whence analyze the reasons it chose to adopt the BSC concern module, and then superimpose the analysis on the reports of other corporations that bring on adopted the BSC. It is deservingy noting that Pepsis decision to join the ranks of companies that stupefy chosen to implement BSC was not exercise in a vacuum. The fact is that BSC had become a familiar and efficient running(a ) module for umteen successful companies. withal Pepsi Saudi has had its bear incredible business and financial success, and byadopting BSC it chose to fol clinical depression many homo class businesses. With the effectuation of the balance calling card methodology, Pepsi Saudi ask joined ranks with such business heavyweights as Exxon mobile, British telecommunications worldwide, Hilton hotels, IBM, UPS, Volvofians of Sweden and frequently more. These be impressive list of companies, and over again the decision for them to adopt the balanced scorecard system was not made in a vacuum, because the stakes are to a fault high. On February 2nd 2002 the AME-INFO reported the merger of Saudi industrial projects company (SIPCO) and Saudi FruitJuice and Beverage industry (SFJBI) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The reasons for the merger were many, they treasured to expand their command of the beverage industry, and they precious to remain the best manufacturing operation in the industry. It is not rugged to imagine that Pepsi Saudi would adopt BSC in severalise to swan its dominance of the industry. beforehand the merger it introduced the Pepsi hint (Pepsi taste laced with a change by reversal of lemon) in indian lodge to satisfy customers contend for roundthing extra in their soft make happy AMEINFO October 8th 2001. It unfolded many ad track downs knowing to confiscatenew customers and retain old ones. The ad campaign home runed all study social events of the kingdom, including football game games that featured the stars of the popular sport. As this study will show continue the company has continued to grow under BSC. example Because of the success of balance scorecard, there are enormous volumes of information on the apply of BSC, but this study will look the phenomenon of balance scorecard with Saudi Pepsi as the reference agency. The study will surveil the book (Translating strategy into action) by Kaplan and Norton as well as many relevant literature on the subject.It is the position of this study that BSC is a genuine business elevator, so this project will make the requisite efforts to present authentic evidence in support of that position. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The accusings of this study are to outline and analyze the fundamental principles of the equilibrate Scorecard system. The paper will confidential information the formulation of the system and review some of the available data on its effectiveness. also the paper will make an accusive judgement on the advantages and disadvantages of its application. Since this is be aftered to construe the adaptability of BSC to Pepsi of Saudi Arabia, the paper will concludewith a critical insight on how Pepsi could benefit from BSC, based largely on data from the performance review of other corporations that have implemented the BSC focussing system. QUESTIONS EXPECTED TO BE ADDRESSED BY THIS STUDY though questions abound on this study, but this ha sh out will focus greatly on the matters that credit the application, and the structure of equilibrate Scorecard. The major perspectives as advanced by Kaplan and Norton will be presented and analyzed in erudition . It must be emphasized that the system is an objective, responsive system. Itcould be followed with appropriate data analysis, and adjustments could be made when desirable. The paper will provide the demand steps that could be followed in indian lodge to attain a desired result. Because this dialogue has taken sides in favor of the BSC, it will clearly present the known benefits of implementing the system. But it must be emphasized that there are some drawbacks in the BSC system. Those drawbacks would equally be adumbrate. whole the important steps in the capital punishment of the BSC will be discussed, and the incompatible roles that different levels of a corporate entity would need to map will be enumerated as well. every of the police squad members must not only make a commitment, they must participate in the process. Every department must know its participating role in the carrying into action of BSC, and this work will detail what those roles ought to be, and how to regard that they are diligently executed. It should also be recognized that it is not enough to design and construct a BSC, the question is would it be employ? No benefits would accrue if the built BSC is not utilise. Of course the or so important question is that of the applicability of the system by Pepsi Saudi, that question will be adequately addressed in this process.CHAPTER TWO allow AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT Before the advent of BSC, a questionnaire by the national association of accountants indicated that roughly 60% of accountants were not pleasant by their performance measurement system, primarily because of its reliance on purely financial metrics. But since the implementation of BSC that dire view is turning around. (Nevin 2003 ). feat measurement technique is used to hoard data on many subjects, high school academicians use performance measurement to pull through introduce of behaviors of students whose behaviors postulate to improvement.The material point here is that the actual behavior improvement could be measured empirically, scientifically and with discerning accuracy. So it is not strike that corporations would also adopt performance oversight system. Corporations use performance measurement to sustainment record of its effectiveness, and its efficiency. It is used to tabulate lineament and productivity. It is also used to keep records of seasonableness and safety. (Nevin, Paul 2003). With an effective performance measurement system, companies can a develop a sustainable structure for its strategic cooking, and its goals.It helps companies flip a clear mission, with appropriate resources, on immense term intervals. With it companies can maintain accountability for its performance or lack of performance. By using performance measurement companies are mitigate able to analyze and validate its results. It can also use it to acquire timely feedbacks, which could be used to change the direction of a disposed project or to move a project forward. So in thoroughgoing, performance measurement could help and organization to make informed decisions, to appraise its performance and to initiate an improvement as needed. (Nevin, Paul 2003). I suppose we can say thatperformance measurement is a close cousin of BSC. until now a performance measurement system could limit its benefits if it loses sight of key performance get downrs. And it could be quite expensive to set-up a performance measuring unit, but intimately companies seem to agree that the cost is worth it at the bulky run. (Kaplan & Norton 1996). BALANCED SCORECARD, interpretation What is scorecard, how can we define scorecard, is it possible to provide a total encompassing meaning? Scorecard is not a one w ord definition system, so in differentiate to do justice to the question, what is scorecard, it is necessary to take a comprehensive apostrophize to that question. If you can measure it you can manage that is the guiding archetype behind the BSC oversight philosophy. The balanced scorecard system was knowing by Kaplan and Norton in the 1990s with the objective of giving managers the peter to look into the long term prospect of their organizations with some measure of reliability. So the BSC is both a management and a measurement tool that when amply and accurately implemented will enable businesses to develop their own vision, and their own strategy, and then translate those business elements into business actions.It is a system that can give businesses an authentic feedback about their internal and out-of-door results. And that in turn would enable them to develop a genuine strategy. Since a company with superior strategy and a way of measuring the results of its performance functions do conk out than companies that do not posses similar tool. (Kaplan & Norton 1996). With BSC managers are able to a maintain a clear insight into the operations and management of all business units. It gives the manager the try that he needs to see how the business is performing when it is compared against the plans, and stated objectives of the business.If a disparity is observed amid the goals and the actual results, BSC enables practitioners to travail in and correct the noticed discrepancy. And when corrections are made effectively, the business would then redirect the necessary efforts and resources back to the anticipate reports. It has been abundantly documented that companies that use BSC have a highly accurate and principally dependable view of their entire operations and its performance. BSC does not exclusively employ financial metrics in its measurements, but it uses customer satisfaction, technical and intellectual innovations, market assign and ma rket competition to garnerbetter more pensive and more comprehensive results of company operations and performance. And there are very little doubts that this system is effective for those companies that have designed and executed the system. (Nevin 2003). A comprehensive visual modality/questionnaire conducted by CIO. Com, Balancedscorecard. org, and Microsoft. com revealed that companies that employ BSC have change their financial and future position in the market place. (Studentweb. tulane. edu). A study by Nevin 2003 indicates that about 50% of component 1000 corporations now have employ some form of BSCmanagement performance metrics. (Nevin 2003). That alone means that all of these companies have used the BSC system to position themselves on a better financial and management future. With BSC organizations are able to articulate a comprehensive strategy towards desired performance, and implementation success. On the whole the BSC system employs tree main systems in order to accomplish its objectives. It uses the measurement system, the strategic management system, and the communication tool. (Nevin 2003). These deuce-ace factors present only as explanation tool to the entire strategy of the BSC business system.The measurement system of BSC uses the lead indicators to compute future business environment. It reveals the strategy via long term management that focuses on customer satisfaction, innovation and recognition of voltage market competitors. It seeks out innovation for the benefit of superior products. It deploys essential resources in order to capture customers that it would retain for the long run. It looks for realistic shipway to retain its customers. And it combines all of those factors for both effectiveness and efficiency. It is the measurement aspect of BSC that fully engages the four perspectives, so theseperspectives will be discussed here in a little more detail. The four perspective as have been mentioned on this discourse inclu de the customer perspective, the internal process perspective, and the learning and growth perspectives. CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVES REVISITED When a business loses the drive to pursue and retain customers, it loses its soul and therefore the proficient to exist. No business can function, thrive or prosper without a reliable customer base. In the customer perspective theory BSC makes it clear that it is not only essential to know who the target customers are and how a business can better servethat customer base. The BSC identifies three primary shipway of providing services to customers in the Balance scorecard system. Operational excellence emphasizes low prices, and convenience ( Nevin 2003). Product leadership focuses on providing the best product in the market. In customer intimacy the business stresses the instruction of long term relationships with the customer, doing whatever is necessary to know what it is that the customer truly wants. It does so while maintaining as much know ledge as possible of its customers. The reason for these efforts in acquiring superior customerknowledge comes down to the point that the businesses are attempting to provide as much satisfaction to the customers as possible. The other reasons include customer loyalty and the need for more market share. (Balancedscorecard. org. ) INTERNAL PROCESS PERSPECTIVE REVISITED This area focuses on identification of the things that would need to be done in order to continue to add value to the customers and uttermost(a)ly to the shareholders (Nevin 2003). The internal process aims to serve the customer and increase the total value of the organization, as well as keep record of the companies progress. The aggroups objective isprimarily to develop better products, to find better ways of manufacturing better products. To find better ways of delivering their products, and to find better ways of delivering better services after the products had been delivered. LEARNING AND GROWTH PERSPECTIVE REV ISITED This whitethorn actually be the most important aspect of the entire process. Organizations would get as off the beaten track(predicate) as their employees could take them. A group that lacks knowledge may not be able to provide the necessary services required by the customers. Therefore genuine effort must be made to keep employees abreast of necessary information. And that is what the learningand growth perspective tries to define. It emphasizes that information be made available to the employees. It requires the employees skills be as sharp as necessary. It does not want employees to be ignored. once more the key here is that any organization would only go as far as the employees could take it. With adequate business organization and education, employees can only do better for the company. It is important to point out that the BSC system does not ignore the financial perspective. But the key is that when a company has satisfied the other objectives, that company stand a pretty bang-up come up of doing well financially.BALANCE SCORECARD AS A strategical MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Obviously place a business and management strategy is important, but no strategy will function if it does not actually get implemented. So the first step in resolving the roll in the hay of non-implementation, is to identify what the potential problems towards implementation may be, and then address those issues. According to fortune magazine (1999) about 70% of strategies are poorly executed, so how can it be executed better. two the team and the management must repair attention to the four barriers the vision barrier, the battalion barrier, the resource barrier, and the management barrier.(1) VISION bulwark To overcome the vision barrier, employees must not be kept in the dark. The BSC wants management to be very clear as to what the vision is. When possible place a figure on the vision . For object lesson if the goal is to manufacture products without defects 90 % of th e time, then it may be made clearer by stating exactly that. That figure of 90% translates the vision to a level that could not be misunderstood. Give the employees the appropriate knowledge base and strategic structure, that makes the entire strategic objective easier to follow. Management should facilitate a total understanding of the strategy and the wholestructure in order to enable all the team members to fully understand the strategy and therefore work towards achieving it as a unit. (Kaplan & Norton) (2) PEOPLE obstruction In order to overcome the populate barrier, BSC outlines a system known as cascading. Essentially it give all of the team members or all of the employees a discover to actually demonstrate exactly how they collapse to their teams objective. The entire system is driven from the bloom to the bottom. Management would be able to have direct line of site to all levels by implementing the cascade system. the management would need toredesign how it awards ince ntives. When the focus is on rewarding long term achievement as opposed to short term, employees tend to respond with long term focus, as they work towards achieving the goal. So if long term objectives are created and becoming values and incentives placed on them, then the rest of the team would naturally follow. This is an important point because, when employees are rewarded based on short term give birthations, then the entire effort would be based on attaining that short term incentive. (3) RESOURCE bulwark For the resource barrier, an organization that is genuinely have-to doe with about achievingBSC must assign adequate budgetary resources to it. To do otherwise would simply be folly. No strategy would get off the ground without real financial commitment. Human and financial resources should be part of the consideration during the planning of the strategy. It just would not make sense not to allocate the necessary resources. (4) MANAGEMENT BARRIER The last barrier is the management barrier, there is rightfully no doubt that management society about the importance of an earnest management participation in order for the strategies to work. If management would not show true commitment, then whywould the rest of the team. If the team leader is go away why would any one else make up attention. (Nevin 2003). When learning is prescribed as part of the strategy and when accurate evaluation are made based on the metrical composition from the scorecard, then its easier to read the results and compare them to the archetype hypothesis. If the report does not measure up to the hypothesis, then a different approach would be necessary. The point is that if all of these four strategic elements are implemented, and the required evaluations are made regularly, the company gives itself stands an excellent chance of reversing courseif the numbers indicate so. CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS It would be unrealistic to think that the entire system would not have some critici sms, and there are some legitimate questions on how effective the system really is. For sure it is an expensive proposal to implement. It requires that management and team leaders must have manpower on approach in order to achieve the stated goals. But it is not always easy to have that pleasing of high level participation. So it could be a problem. (Molleman 2007). Some have argued that it is difficult to relate one measurement to the other.For instance, how could a change in one perspective have a direct correlation coefficient to another. It is not quite clear how change in a particular measure would affect another measure. Others have argued that BSC does not address what the appropriate balance ought to be when addressing the stakeholder value. Davidson 2002, reports that the BSC correctly anticipates the value for the shareholders and the customers, but it does not articulate the needs of the employees. It also asserts that the requirement for top management participation ce ntralizes the methodology on the high level management.In a project that requires a good point in time of knowledge, Davidson argues that the top-down approach may not be the best. But on the issue of management participation, if the commitment is high enough, then management ought to be able to find the time to allocate to the idea, because the long term benefits could be enormous ,if the system is followed correctly. The point is that the benefits negates the shortcomings. All indication is that BSC is a business method that is worth pursuing, and there are definite measures that could be taken in order to mitigate some of the shortcomings. If an organizationfollows the directives that were outlined by Kaplan an Norton, then they would have significantly elevated their chances for success in their endeavor. prime(prenominal) Kaplan and Norton insists that on the question of wether an organization is applying the right measure of perspectives, they recommend that a changeless B SC should have a good balance of both lagging and leading indicators. That would enable them to see a clear picture of not only past efforts but also the plans of the future. A company should not implement too many indicators. Organizations should focus on those indicators that clearly addresses their strategy.So with the correct conspiracy of lagging and leading indicators as well as the correct mixture of the most critical indicators, Kaplan and Norton belief that the organization would do just fine. (Kaplan & Norton 1996). They also advised against qualification a quantitative link between non financial indicators and financial indicators. Since lag time may be influenced by many factors, it is not advisable to link non financial indicators and financial indicators. Also Kaplan and Norton observed that mischance would almost be guaranteed if fourth-year management simply dump the system to position management. Therefore it emphasizes that senior managementmust remain engaged , it must define the performance measurement, thereby qualification the objective clear to all levels of the team. It is not enough to have a senior leadership, if the senior leadership is not working with the rest of the team to achieve the objective. All segments of the company or organization would need to be involved in order for the BSC to work as designed. Developing the process does not have to be protracted, because if implementing it becomes too long then strategies may change during this period, and that would not be a good for the process. Therefore they recommend that the development process ought to be short.(Kaplan & Norton). It would be inadvisable to use the BSC just for compensation purposes, therefore it is recommended that compensation be linked only when it is involved in translating strategy. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BALANCED SCORECARD. The two main human bodys of BSC are the planning phase and the development phase. Because different organizations operate diff erently, it may not be realistic to expect companies to follow one particular thoroughfare to the implementation of the system. But Nevin 2003 drew an implementation map that could aid any organization as it plows through the difficulty of planning and implementation.