Relationships Between Mothers and Daughters in Tans The...

Relationships Between Mothers and Daughters in Tans The Joy Luck Club â€Å"Now the woman was old. And she had a daughter who grew up speaking only English and swallowing more Coca-Cola than sorrow. For a long time now the woman had wanted to give her daughter the single swan feather and tell her, â€Å"This feather may look worthless, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my good intentions.† And she waited, year after year, for the day she could tell her daughter this in perfect American English (Tan 3).† The American culture focuses more on the individual. Typical Americans always want to be independent. Traditionally, they never appreciate anything that they have, are selfish, and ignorant to other cultures. On the other†¦show more content†¦As a young girl, her mother betrothed Lindo to a boy younger than her. Before Lindo left to live with her soon to be husband, Tyan-yu, and his family, her mother made her promise to be a good wife. In this time period, according to Chinese beliefs, you were a bad wife if your husband left you. Even though Lindo was not happy, nor in love, she stayed in her marriage to Tyan-yu. She stayed in the marriage only because she honored and obeyed her parents, and she did not want them to lose face. Lindo promised herself that she would never forget her true identity. â€Å"That was the day I was a young girl with my face under a red marriage scarf. I promised not to forget myself (Tan 63).† Lindo had secretly blown out the Tya n-yu’s end of the tradition marriage red candle that determined if a relationship was going to be doomed. Months later, Lindo had not bore any children for Tyan-yu because they weren’t having sex. After Huang Taitai, Tyan-yu’s mother, took away all Lindo’s jewelry because she hadn’t bore any children, she realized her true worth again. Lindo woke up one morning ranting and raving about how the ancestors said her and Tyan-yu’s relationship was doomed. She said they told her that the windShow MoreRelatedAmy Tan: A Brief Biography757 Words   |  3 PagesAmy Tan is an American Chinese writer most notably known for her critically acclaimed novel The Joy Luck Club, amongst many others. Amy Ruth Tan was born on February 19, 1952, in Oakland California to John and Daisy Tan. Both of Amy’s parents were Chinese immigrants who fled from China to escape hardships. Amy’s mother, Daisy, divorced her abusive husband and left behind thre e daughters before immigrating to the United States and marrying Amy’s father, John. The marriage produced three children,Read MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club And The Kitchen God s Wife Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod: 3A February 25, 2016 LWA: Amy Tan Born on February 19, 1952, in Oakland, California, Amy Tan is introduced to the world as an American novelist. Amy Tan is known for being a worldwide artist, as she published two of her famous novels, The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen God’s Wife. Often, people would think that successful people had a great start at a young age; yet, Amy Tan had experienced a rough childhood until she later became successful. Both of her parents, John and Daisy Tan, are ChineseRead More Mother and Daughter Relationships in Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret Senses1679 Words   |  7 PagesMother and Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret Senses   Ã‚  Ã‚   In life, many things can be taken for granted - especially the things that mean the most to you. You just might not realize it until youve lost it all. As I walk down the road finishing up my teenage days, I slowly have been finding a better understanding of my mother. The kind of bond that mothers and daughters have is beyond hard to describe. Its probably the biggest rollercoaster ride of emotions thatRead MoreAmy Tan Overcoming Faulty Relationships and Self Identity Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesown struggles. Tan’s father came to America after WWII to become a minister (Amy Tan). Even though it seemed like Tan’s life was running smoothly tragedy struck. Both Tan’s father and older brother died of a brain tumor when Tan was only fifteen years old (Wiener 27). In her works, Amy Tan focuses on the struggles that Chinese-American women face in mother-daughter relationships, their struggles to control their cultural identity and the tragedy that acc elerates the broken relationship. Before comingRead MoreTheme Of Sexism In The Joy Luck Club779 Words   |  4 Pages In her 1989 novel, The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan hones into the narratives of four Chinese American immigrant families living in San Francisco. The novel is structured into four distinct, anecdotal sections: two dedicated to mothers and two dedicated to daughters. Tan’s approach to structure allows the interlocking stories between mother and daughter to place emphasis on the issue of sexism. The purpose of Tan’s novel is to highlight that, even though American and Chinese societies drastically differRead More East-West Values and the Mother-daughter Relationship in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1296 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Mother-daughter Relationship in The Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   The dominant theme of The Joy Luck Club is the clash between Chinese, American cultures, and how it affects the relationship between mothers and daughters. All of the mothers in the book were born and raised in China. All of their daughters were born and raised in the United States. Because of the differences in family traditions and values between the way the mothers had been raised in China and the way their daughters were growingRead More Improving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1216 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club One day everything is going great, in fact things could not be better and then you say something and your friend turns to you and says â€Å"oh my god, you sounded just like your mother†.   That is when you freak out and think to yourself it is true I am turning into my mother.   This is every daughters worst nightmare come true.   When a young girl is growing up her mother always says and does things that the girl vows she will neverRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1637 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships define a connection between two beings, whether it be through blood, friendship, or romance. In most cases, the first group that people experience is with their families. The kinship people are born into comes with ups and downs, which may cause a rift between both parties. Thus, maintaining a seamless connection may become a struggle between two dissimilar individuals, â€Å"Like many relationships, we have our struggles, our misunderstandings, and our miscommunications. We are veryRead More The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time the mother and daughter relationship has been complex.   The book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is a great example of the mother and daughter relationship.   In the book Amy Tan writes about four women who migrate to America from China.   All of the women were in search of a better life since the lives they had in China were not what they wanted for themselves.   Even though all of the womenRead MoreAmericanization in The Joy Luck Club Essay1963 Words   |  8 PagesAmericanization in The Joy Luck Club Oftentimes the children of immigrants to the United States lose the sense of cultural background in which their parents had tried so desperately to instill within them. According to Walter Shear, â€Å"It is an unseen terror that runs through both the distinct social spectrum experienced by the mothers in China and the lack of such social definition in the daughters’ lives.† This â€Å"unseen terror† is portrayed in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club as four Chinese

The Corruption Of The American Dream - 1835 Words

Name: Jisha James Class: SYBA (B) Roll No: 234 UID No: 141124 Date: 29/01/2016 THE CORRUPTION OF THE AMERICAN DREAM. The universal characterization of American dream is that, in the country, whichever person wants to be successful will be successful due to self-improvement which can be attained by working hard and proper utilisation of the available resources, adding up with providential circumstances. The Great ‘Gatsby’ emerges out as a personification of the American dream of self-made triumph, growing up from being a poor farm boy in the Mid-west with no assets, to becoming a millionaire, having everything he desires to have including a great social circles attending his lavish parties just in a few years. However his death, intends to warn about the debauchery and the decline of the society. America in 1920s was believed to be a land of prospect, wealth and prosperity and only the good, righteous and hard working are rewarded. However the changing social conditions had a lot of negative effect on the dream which was supposed to manifest to be one of the finest version of renaissanc e for America. The following short stories portray the slow and gradual decay of the American dream. ‘The Egg’ by Sherwood Anderson portrays the many themes like we have the theme of aspiration, surrendering, disappointment and finally happiness. The narration of the story is in the first person, where an unnamed narrator is recollecting some of the aspects of his lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Corruption Of The American Dream956 Words   |  4 Pages2017 The Corruption of the American Dream F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the American Dream as a set of goals that included freedom, settlement, and an honest life with the possibility of social and economic success earned through hard work, but was corrupted and degraded by the egotistical materialism of the 1920s. Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, aims to discredit the supposed purity of the American Dream and belief that anyone can attain it through hard work. Instead, he argues that the dream is aRead MoreCorruption Of The American Dream1516 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption of the American Dream The American Dream can be understood by many people to mean many different things. Even with various meanings, to the greater part of people, it is to be happy, wealthy and successful in life; however money does not always led to happiness. You can always buy things that satisfy your want, when you have large amount of money. This stuff will make you happy for a short amount of time, but after the consumer may become uninterested with having everything he/she couldRead MoreEssay about Corruption of the American Dream1127 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption of the American Dream The Great Gatsby is a novel based off of the American dream, which is something that everyone strives for. The author of the book F. Scott Fitzgerald has his own American dream to become a well known writer, and to have the girl of his dreams, and throughout the novel this dream reflected in The Great Gatsby within in the characters Gatsby and Daisy. Fitzgerald had developed the character Gatsby by incorporating some of his own dreams. For example Gatsby hasRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : The Corruption Of The American Dream1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream The Great Gatsby may appear as a novel containing dramatic, twisted relationships; however, the main theme has to do with the culture of the 1920s, and how it leads to the downfall of the American Dream. The 1920s were an age of change: politically and socially. The nation’s wealth nearly doubled, leading many Americans into a prosperous society, while others experienced extreme poverty (The Roaring). People began performing, women wore flapperRead MoreThe Corruption of the American Dream in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1345 Words   |  6 PagesFitzgerald portrays the American Dream, originally a set of goals that included freedom, settlement, and an honest life with the possibility of upward social and economic mobility earned through hard work, as corrupted and debased by the egotistic materialism of the 1920s, an era which Fitzgerald characterizes chiefly by its greed and lavish hedonism, in his celebrated novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, s eeks to discredit the supposed purity of the American Dream and belief that anyoneRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream1010 Words   |  5 Pageswhich he popularized the concept of The American Dream. In this book he stated â€Å"The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and once that phrase was written, The American Dream became what we truly know it as nowadays. It is the right of freedom, prosperity, equality and pursuit of happiness through hard work. However, The American Dream is an ironic concept seeing as it neverRead MoreThe Great Gatsby - Corruption of the American Dream Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesGreat Gatsby is a novel about the corruption of the American Dream. How far would you agree with this statement? The American Dream is fundamentally the idea that anyone in America can accomplish through hard work and can achieve success and happiness. It has been expanded on through the years and now incorporates ideas of attaining freedom, wealth and power. In the 1920s when The Great Gatsby was written the Jazz Age was taking hold and the American Dream became more about material possessionsRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pagesjustify their actions, and it is what everyone longs for. This theme is better known as the American dream.The Great Gatsby is representative of the American dream in multiple ways. There are some aspects of the novel that symbolize the overall corruption of the American dream; there are others that signify the love of wealth, and the division of rich and poor. What exactly is the American dream? The American dream can be described as an idea, a concept, and a way of life. It can even be described asRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Displaying the Corruption of the American Dream742 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream In the 1920’s many people left their countries to come to America seeking for the American dream. The American Dream meant being successful and happy. Many people started to learn that they couldn’t find that happiness without the money. In Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the characters based their lives off of wealth and materialism, forgetting what the real idea of the American dream was. Throughout the story, Daisy, Gatsby and MyrtleRead MoreBroken Dreams and Fallen Themes: the Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby1477 Words   |  6 PagesBroken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to expose

Management and Organization in a Global environment

Question: Discuss about the Management and Organization in a Global environment. Answer: Introduction The present day business world is complex and the competition between rival firms has reached a global level. Business organisations have become vulnerable to a number of internal and external environmental factors that can change in real time and can cause a number of problems to the day-to-day functioning of organisations. Environmental factors, such as legal, governmental, social, economic, etc. are changing every day and are also forcing business organisations to bring about certain changes in their operations or work practices in order to sustain in the market (Grama and Todericiu, 2016). Above all, the changes in market trends also makes it imperative for companies to bring changes in their work styles so that they can remain competitive (Gill, 2002). ABC Technologies Pvt. Ltd ABC Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is an American company that operates in the technology industry and deals in computer other information systems. The company was started in 1978 and since then, it has grown to be one of the market leaders in the country. Recently, the company has been facing a number of problems to its market sustainability as its profits are dropping down and the competition is rising. On conducting various surveys, the management has discovered that the increasing cost of operations is one of the prime factors that is interfering with the market competencies of the company. The management has also identified that one of the areas where the company can drastically cut its operational costs is the carrying cost of inventory. The company has been ordering spare parts and raw material in bulk and has been storing it under expert supervision in its warehouses that are located throughout the country. After a number of meetings with the senior management, the company has decid ed to bring about a change in its inventory management system and switch to just-in-time inventory management system as it would allow the company to avoid wastage of goods and increase efficiency by ordering goods only when they are needed in the production process (Investopedia, n.d.). By implementing a just-in-time inventory management system, the management of ABC Technologies aims at reducing the operational costs and become more competitive in the market. The change that the management is planning to introduce in the company is a large system change that would be carried out slowly and steadily. Change specifications At present, the management has identified the need to bring in the desired change while the stakeholders have already been made aware about the importance of the change. The management is still in the designing phase and is designing the entire change program with the help of all the concerned people. In order to introduce the change in the organisation, the management will have to arrange for a new system that would help it in managing its inventory according to just-in-time system. One of the major organisational areas that will undergo a change because of a shift to just-in-time inventory management system is the manufacturing unit. As a result, management will have to ensure that the manufacturing unit operates smoothly even if the size of inventory is reduced. The organisation will have to completely redesign its inventory management process. First of all, the organisation will have to get rid of all the inventory that it is carrying at the moment by getting it into production. Secondly, the company will have to tie up with suppliers who can offer them competitive price and can deliver the raw material within a very short span of time. Thirdly, the company will have to establish a system that would allow it to take orders from the customers and immediately process them by ordering raw material and manufacturing the end products. During the change, the job roles and responsibilities of people also might undergo a change. With a change in the inventory managem ent system, the company will also experience collateral changes in its manufacturing units and warehouses and might also experience a fall in its human resource demand. Thus, the company will also have to conduct a workforce analysis before implementing the change and will have to redesign the structure of some units. Risk assesment The risks involved in the change management program, along with their causes prevention are discussed below: Delay in orders one of the greatest risks involved with just-in-time inventory management system is that it can cause delay in delivering orders to the customers. The likely cause of delay will be shortage of inventory or failure of the supplier to deliver the raw material on time. A preventive action to avoid the risk will be to have contracts with multiple suppliers who can deliver to the expectations of the company. Dealing with the unexpected business organisations can obviously experience fluctuations in customer demands. In such situations, just-in-time inventory system can make it difficult for companies to deal with the unexpected demands of the customers. To deal with such risks, the company can get in touch with multiple suppliers who are willing to provide cheaper raw material even if the quantity ordered is small (Investopedia, 2015). Cost of production Just-in-time inventory management system or production system involves ordering raw material in very small quantities. At times, when JIT is implemented to reduce operational costs, it can cause an increase in the production costs as the cost of raw material increases, which was otherwise available at discounted prices when ordered in bulk (Investopedia, 2015). Stackholders Involvement The involvement of the stakeholders in bringing about such an organisational change is very crucial. The stakeholders in this business are the employees, the owners of the company and the shareholders. It is important that the company informs them about the change program and keeps them posted about every piece of information as it is a major change and is going to have a great impact on the work operations and the way in which the organisation operates, especially for the employees working in the manufacturing division. The people who will experience the maximum impact of the change will definitely be the people working in the manufacturing units. When the organisation will make a shift to just-in-time production, its production will decrease significantly as it would manufacture goods at a much slower pace or only when a customer demands for it. As a result, the management might experience a situation where there is surplus staff in the manufacturing unit and can consequently start to lay-off employees in order to save additional cost. The employees will definitely offer a great deal of resistance to the change program as it will cross their minds that their jobs will be at a risk and the change might result in a loss of their jobs. On the other hand, an initiative to cut down the operating costs in order to sustain the market competition might be presumed in a wrong way by the stakeholders as they might think that the company is going through a difficult time and they might suffer losses in the fu ture. As a result, they might offer a certain degree of resistance to the change management program. In order to minimise the resistance, the senior level management will have to identify certain change levers or change agents from within the organisation, who will help the management in facilitating the change by acting as middle men between the management and the stakeholders. It is not necessary that the facilitators of change or change agents are those people who are at higher positions or managerial levels. It has been discovered that union leaders, leaders of different units, etc. can prove to be better facilitators of change as the people look upon them as their role models, can connect to them and will definitely listen to what they have to say. If the management can get such people on board, they can easily help the management in achieving its strategic goals. Implementation Plan Implementing a change program in a business organisation is one of the toughest tasks according to the present day business world. There are certain factors that make it difficult for the management of business organisations to successfully implement the change, such as resistance to change, fear of the unknown, lack of proper communication, etc. In order to implement the change program i.e. making a shift to just-in-time inventory management, the management can follow the below given three stage implementation plan that was suggested by Kurt Lewin. 1st stage or unfreezing In this stage the management can generate a sense of urgency in the organisation by informing the stakeholders about the areas where it losing competencies and how a change can help the organisation in making an improvement as compared to its present status. This process will basically involve instilling some unrest in the organisation or as the name suggests, it involves unfreezing the previous work attitude or operations (Change Management Consultant, n.d.). 2nd stage or change once the management is able to bring it to the notice of the stakeholders that a change is actually required in their work attitudes or work operations in order to bring about some overall improvements in the organisation, the next stage is aimed at actually introducing the planned changes. In this stage, the stakeholders will begin to solve those uncertainties that had developed in the first stage and will also get to know about the changes. During this stage, the actual change will take place and people will be able to identify new ways that will help them in carrying out their work operations smoothly. 3rd stage or refreeze in the final stage, or the refreeze stage, the management can celebrate the achievement of its short term and goals related with the change management program. In this stage, once the change has been accepted, the management can try to reinforce the changes in behaviour or operations achieved by rewarding the people who have helped in achieving success or have accepted the changes and have performed well (Mindtools.com, n.d.). Training Plan The manufacturing unit of the company and the employees dealing with the inventory management will definitely have to undergo some training and development program so that they can cope up with the changes in systems. Even if the management feels that there are no specific skill sets required for the implementation of JITI, the employees still must undergo a training session where they can learn about JIT and how it functions. n case the management decides to update the software or hardware of the company in order to make it more oriented towards Just-in-time management system, the employees will have to undergo special training modules that would help them in placing orders and managing inventory using the new systems (Freifeld, n.d.). Resistance Plan Resistance to change is one of the key factors that results into failure of change programs. The key areas of resistance in this change program are discussed below: Resistance from employees as discussed above, there might be resistance offered by the employees if the company starts to cut down its operational costs because they will have a fear of the unknown. In order to deal with the resistance to change that the employees might offer, the management should ensure that the employees are involved in the change program and their feedback is always taken into account. The management should have efficient communication channels so that they can share all important information and data, related to the change program, with the employees and other stakeholders so that they can feel more confident about what is going to happen and have nothing hidden to be feared from (Nguyen, 2013). Further, involvement of the employees in the change program and proper communication will also ensure that there are less rumours going around in the workplace, which can also cause unrest amongst the employees and ultimately lead to an increase in the resistance to cha nge (Prosci.com, n.d.). References 5 Tips for Managing Resistance to Change | Prosci.Prosci.com. Retrieved 21 March 2017, from https://www.prosci.com/change-management/thought-leadership-library/managing-resistance-to-change Freifeld, L.Learning Just in Time.Training Magazine. Retrieved 21 March 2017, from https://trainingmag.com/content/learning-just-time Gill, R. (2002). Change management--or change leadership?.Journal Of Change Management,3(4), 307-318. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714023845 Grama, B., Todericiu, R. (2016). Change, Resistance to Change and Organizational Cynicism.Studies In Business And Economics,11(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0034 Investopedia,. (2015).What are the main problems with a JIT (just in time) production strategy?.Investopedia. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040215/what-are-main-problems-jit-just-time-production-strategy.asp Just In Time - JIT.Investopedia. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/jit.asp Kurt Lewin 3 Phase Change Management Model and Change Theory.Change Management Consultant. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.change-management-consultant.com/kurt-lewin.html Lewin's Change Management Model: Understanding the Three Stages of Change.Mindtools.com. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm Nguyen, S. (2013).6 Steps to Manage Resistance to Change.Workplace Psychology. Retrieved 21 March 2017, from https://workplacepsychology.net/2010/05/13/6-steps-to-manage-resistance-to-change/ What Is Change Management? | Prosci.Prosci.com. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.prosci.com/change-management/what-is-change-management Management and Organization in a Global Environment Question: Describe about the management and organizations in a global environment. Answer: Activity 1 Section 1 The e-learning has enabled me to compare, understand in details about the organizational culture. It has enabled me to know the different aspects through the detailed description and the video given as a part of the E-learning. The concepts are used in the following questions that are answered in the appropriate manner. Section 2 Definition of culture The definition of culture varies from people to people and according to places. The culture is different in places which are primarily influenced by how the people want to run an organization and community. Culture can be defined as the preserved pattern of communication and action in an organization or community. Culture is anything that supports the behaviors of people in a community. Culture can also be taken as a rule that is to be followed. Culture is the representation of the education; growth and also compensations. There are many ways by which we can define culture. The definition of culture needs to be understood before dealing or analyzing the related elements, whether in an organization or community. Culture also relate to the beliefs and morals of the people forming an organization o community. What is organizational culture? And why should we care? In the prescribed URL, we get into a detailed discussion about the various definition of organizational culture as a result of a debate conducted on a social, professional networking site called LinkedIn. In this debate the main topic was organizational culture and how can it be defined. We observe a variety of answers, each different from one another The definition of culture varies from people to people because of their experiences. The definition of culture is an outcome of the culture or behavioral patterns itself in an organization. The geography and time are another factors that lead to the variation of this definition. The places and the different organizations provide different cultural patterns. People of the different organization, therefore, have the different way of expressing their concept about culture. The way they are influenced by the culture both in negative and positive way shapes their definition about organizational culture. Out of all the definitions, the definition is given by Abdi Osman Jama stating: An organization [is] a living culture that can adapt to the reality as fast as possible. Is the one to which I would agree. I agree with this definition more than the others because it portrays the dynamic nature of an organization, where the culture can never be fixed. There are so many issues that demand changes in an organization, globalization being the primary one. Hence, an organization is a living culture since it is always changing with the changing time and demands. Activity 2 Section 1 The e-learning has enabled me to compare, understand in details about the Holocracy in organizational culture. It has enabled me to know the different aspects through the detailed description and the video given as a part of the E-learning. The concepts are used in the following questions that are answered in an appropriate manner. Section 2 Corporate culture instilled in HRM practices and customer satisfaction. What does building a culture-based company entails? For building a culture based company the first thing aspect to focus on is the engagement of the customers with the employers. Such a company should, therefore, focus on great service rather than just satisfying the customers. The culture and values are what attracts the customers along with the energetic employees. The employees need to engage equally and act as a breakthrough themselves to bring success to the company. Therefore, commitment, engagement, focus are the key elements in building a culture-based company. Therefore, the main principle behind building a culture-based company is excellent customer service. The culture-based company should hire people who fit in their culture specifically. Yves Morieux claims that structure follows strategy. Is this always the case? According to Yves morieux more responsibilities and approaches of development results in more complexity. It is like putting on an extra layer of responsibilities that creates the problem. According to him, cooperation and catering to every requirement may, in turn, harm the productivity o the organization (RichStrategy 2014).But this might not be the case always depending on the situation. If it is an emergency to change according to the demands, otherwise that might also harm the productivity. For avoiding the complexities certain aspects like knowing employees, not permitting enough resources to induce cooperation is required (Belsky 2014). Holocracy Holocracy refers to a broader trend for innovation. The Holocracy is comprised of two elements which are: flexibility and adaptability. The de-centralization of the employees restricts proper and fast innovation. Therefore, decentralization of employees into sections best fitted for them can be defined as Holocracy. Therefore, Holocracy can also be defined as a management style where experimentation is carried out. In the case of normal team management without Holocracy, employees are seen to do work beyond their job roles. Like arranging social event etc. but in the case of Holocracy, the job roles are assigned specifically to an employee according to his/her capabilities. Environment, people, and all other aspects are referred to as contingent factors that influence the organizational design. In the case of Zappos, a person is allowed to precede with his/her project and work in any way they like until and unless it is already known to turn out as disasters. Holocracy is another factor that comes under contingent factor that influences the design of the organization (Ferenstein 2014). Innovative culture is related to the organizational structure. The organizational structure should retain its original culture and use it to bring out the innovation from the employees. In such cases, the innovative change makes an employee both subordinate and superior to the same person. The innovation is required for the development of the company/organization with the changing world (Silverman 2015). References Anon, (2016).Tony Hsieh, Zappos, and the Art of Great Company Culture.May 2016]. Belsky, G. (2014).6 Simple Rules for Simplifying Everything. Ferenstein, G. (2014).Zappos just abolished bosses. Here's why. Harvard Business Review. (2008).Why Zappos Pays New Employees to QuitAnd You Should Too. Harvard Business Review. (2013).What Is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care?. RichStrategy. (2014).BCGs Yves Morieux on complexity and collaboration. Silverman, C. (2015).How to create a culture and structure for innovation.

Find out Factors Due to George Had Stopped Taking the Medicines

Question: Discuss about the Study of George Undergoing a Treatment. Answer: Introduction This essay is based on the case study of George, who is was addicted to cannabis and was undergoing a treatment. He was being treated with specific doses of risperidone, but it has been found that George had stopped taking the medications due to some factors. This essay aims to focus on the factors due to which George had stopped taking the medicines. This essay will also focus on the possible nursing interventions and the evidence based practices that have to be adopted to reduce the factors that are preventing George to take the proper medications. Apart from the pharmacological management, this essay would also concentrate on the holistic care of approach taken up by the nurses to care for the psychotic patients. Cannabis is drugs that are also known as marijuana are often used by people for the recreational use other than the medical uses. Excessive use of such drug can lead to mental disorders. They can show irritability, restlessness, withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Cannabis dependence may occur when the brain adapts a large part of the drug and reduces the production of its own neurotransmitters (Volkow et al., 2014).It becomes an addiction when the person can no longer stop the usage of the drugs. Addiction may hamper many aspects of the life including the personal and the professional life. Proper and timely medications along with holistic approach of care from the family and the care givers can bring back the persons life to the normal. This essay focuses on the care interventions that would improve the quality of life of these people. Doses of Risperidone (n=21) are often prescribed as medications to the patient suffering from cannabis disorder. Risperidone is normally used to treat Schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder. Factors Anti psychotic medicines like risperidone reduces the severity of the serious mental illnesses, and can help in the improvement of the outcome of the patient. Discontinuation of the treatments of the serious mental disorders might increase the risk of relapse. There are certain factors that lead to the nonadherence to treatments and medications, and it is important to understand the factors before adopting any interventions (Machielsen, Veltman, van den Brink de Haan, 2017). It was found that poor insight was the main reasons for non adherence to treatment in almost 56.5 of the studies. Other factors are the substance abuse, which has been found in almost 36% of the studies, negative attitude towards the medication in 30% of the studies and cognitive impairment in 13.45 of the studies (Kane, Kishimoto Correll, 2013). The main reason that has been found behind the discontinuation of the medicine is the negative attitude towards the medicine.( Kane, Kishimoto Correll, 2013) Another important factor is that people having drug addiction have a tendency to get rid of any sorts treatments that would part them away from the drug, as it becomes very difficult for them to stay away from the drug, even if they want to. Few studies have provided with the evidences that cannabis widrawal has lead to serious clinical adverse condition (Machielsen, Veltman, van den Brink de Haan, 2017). Sudden widrawal from the drug might lead to irritability, anxiety, depressions, troubled sleep, insomnia, loss of focus and feeling of low esteem, sometimes even suicidal. The cannabis consumers would face some consequences in the early stage of the treatment- like headaches, which will ultimately weaken and fade away. The addicted ones would face strong cravings for the drugs. Many users suffer from strong sweating and chills, the discomfort and the cravings can trigger strong relapse (Noto et al., 2015). People who are addicted often fear of these traumatic symptoms of the drug widrawal, and often refrain them from taking the antipsychotic medications. An important reason directly associated with voluntary nonadherence was a negative attitude toward medication, a mediator of effects of insight and therapeutic alliance. Substance abuse was the only reason which associated with involuntary nonadherence,(Noto et al., 2015) regardless of type and stage of the disorder. It has been found that poor acceptance of early medications and hostility and un-cooperativeness at the first admission was found to be the key mediator of the non adherence to treatment. A patient can be unaware of the severity of his own clinical conditions. Better awareness of the illness and the medications can decrease the negativity of the patient towards the medication. Further, another reason that cannot be overlooked is the side effects of Risperidone (Bayl et al., 2015).Major side effects related to Risperidone is- display of aggressive behavior, anxiety, agitation, difficulty in speaking or swallowing, loss of balance , problems with memory, muscular spasms, p roblems with urination, restlessness, twitching and twisting body movements and more. (Machielsen et al., 2017). It was mentioned in the report that George was taking the medication and has stopped it suddenly, which can give us an indication , that George might have been suffering from such a condition that George actually thought of discontinuing the medicine. Few studies have revealed that these psychotic medicines have impacted badly on the brain and have caused cognitive impairment (Jalbert et al., 2017). This can be a reason for the non adherence to the medications. Therefore, George might have been suffering from any of these factors, that he had stopped the usage of the medicines. As per the case study, George had discontinued the uptake of the medicines, which may be due to the factors discussed above. Partial or complete discontinuation of the medications may lead to many negative outcomes. It can cause relapse of the persistent symptoms, psychosis, even attempts to suicide. It has also been found that lack of adherence to the medications has led to hospitalization of the patient with critical conditions. According to (Morrison, Meehan Stomski, 2015), nonadherence to the medication during the first week after the discharge has got a high risk of re-hospitalization within a month of discharge. Nursing interventions There are several support strategies to address the problem that George is facing on discontinuation of the medical treatment. There are several therapeutic support services that can provide counseling to the patient, in this case George. There are several therapies that can identify the motivational and the cognitive barriers that are responsible why George had discontinued the intake of Risperidone. The cognitive and behavioral therapy involves the negative beliefs about the medication. This involves motivational interviewing, where all ambivalence regarding the side effects of the medication are cleared, and perceptions are addressed which involves the importance of taking medication and confidences are provided to stick to the treatment regimen. (Zullig, Peterson Bosworth, 2013). Cognitive adaption trainings are given which involves the environmental supports and the cues to compensate for the cognitive impairment that can cause memory problems that can involve pillboxes, alarms, activity checklists. Support system also accessibility of the medicines, arrangement of the transportation to the pharmacies. (Zullig, Peterson Bosworth, 2013). A medication management program must focus on the importance of the interactions that are required to improve the adherence rates of the medications. Interactions lead to client participation in therapeutic programs. The actual reasons behind the non adherence have to be recognized. The interventions that can be taken up as a medication management approach- Assessment of the mental health The initial assessment of the mental status of the client is very important for taking the decisions to carry out the effective treatments. A baseline assessment of the symptoms is necessary before the administration of any psychotropic medications. In this case the mental health of George had to be assessed before choosing any course of treatment for him. A scale such as KMV scale can be assessed (Kardas, Lewek Matyjaszczyk, 2013). Assessment of the adverse effects of medicine This case study provides with the information that George had been under the dosage of risperidone. Therefore it is essential for a nurse to assess the severity of this drug in George (if he is facing any side effects).Sometimes side effects go undetected because the patients might not share the complications they are facing with the nurses, or sometimes the nurses just overlook the symptoms. There are several neuroleptic side effect scales in order in order to get an accurate picture of the side effects and how they affect the lives of the patients. (Haddad, Brain Scott, 2014) has identified that this scale is particularly useful as it can be used by the health care staffs without any such special training, and only takes between 5-20 minutes to complete ensuring that it can be included in on-going nursing. The side effects can be managed by consulting with the doctor and switching to other pharmacological doses. In critical cases, an independent psychiatrist and a nurse might work together in partnership for the betterment of a particular patient (Department of Health). The supplementary nurse prescribers can adjust the doses of medicines according to the conditions. As per (Kane, Kishimoto Correll, 2013) mental health nurses have an expanding role in the management of the patients like George. Mental health nurses can look for the symptoms of side effects in George such as constipation, dry mouth and weight gain. Nurses can apply psychotropic medications in George, which can help to improve the adherence to medication regimen. (Kane, Kishimoto Correll, 2013) Compliance therapy is a therapy that involves a cognitive behavioral intervention, and has adapted techniques from psycho education and the motivational interviewing. This therapy involves the open discussion about the pros and cons of taking the medications and the modes of the treatment. It has been found that patients often are not consulted, before making the decisions related to the modes of treatment (Zullig, Peterson Bosworth, 2013). A positive therapeutic relationship with the individual who prescribes medicines can be a key component to increase the adherence of George to the medicine. According to (Bauml et al., 2016) education is the main component of the of the compliance therapy. George should be given a proper education regarding the illness and the importance of taking medicines. George might have stopped medications, may be out of lack of proper knowledge. Again, as per (Kane, Kishimoto Correll, 2013) healthcare professionals might not share everything with George, with the fear that he might stop taking the medicines, after hearing the pros and cons of using the medicines. (Kardas, Lewek Matyjaszczyk, 2013). had said that one of the side effects of using psychotropic medication is sexual dysfunction, addressing this problem mental nurse should discuss everything freely with the clients regarding the side effects of the medications and all possible ways how these side effects can be diminished (Morrison, Meehan Stomski, 2015). According to (Haddad, Brain Scott, 2014) support service interventions can also be provided like adherence therapy, electronic messages, motivational strategies, cognitive behavioral strategies. (Misdrahi et al., 2014) has said that it is the duty of a nurse of mental health to Provide George a support to stop the intake of the cannabis. A proper nurse should strengthen the coping skills of individuals. The patient should be taught new ways to prevent anxiety. George could take part in rehabilitation program, to facilitate growth and development (Zullig, Peterson Bosworth, 2013). Recent researches (Jalbert et al., 2017) have provided with the evidence that youths who maintain active involvement in the community are less likely to be engaged in the usage of drugs. According to (Jalbert et al., 2017), schools and communities can play an important role to engage young people in order to prevent the usage of drugs (Misdrahi et al., 2014). The above essay provides with an idea that the mental health nurses play the lead role in assisting the patients to manage their treatments effectively. Thus it can be said that all these interventions can bring about a change in George's life and bring him back to the normal life, convince him to undergo proper treatments and take medicines accordingly. It is the duty of the nurses to understand the factors that affects an individual's decision to take the medications and working together in addressing the factors. The mental health nurses also play a positive role in preventing the relapse of the condition and thus reduce the social and the psychological disability arising from the experience. References Buml, J., Pitschel-Walz, G., Volz, A., Lscher, S., Rentrop, M., Kissling, W., Jahn, T. (2016). Psychoeducation improves compliance and outcome in Schizophrenia without an increase of adverse side effects: a 7-year follow-up of the Munich PIP-Study.Schizophrenia bulletin,42(suppl_1), S62-S70. Bayl, F. J., Tessier, A., Bouju, S., Misdrahi, D. (2015). Medication adherence in patients with psychotic disorders: an observational survey involving patients before they switch to long-acting injectable risperidone.Patient preference and adherence,9, 1333. Haddad, P. M., Brain, C., Scott, J. (2014). Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies.Patient Related Outcome Measures,5, 43. Jalbert, J. J., Rossignol, M., Astruc, B., Bayl, F., Nordon, C., Avouac, B., ... Grimaldi-Bensouda, L. (2017). Effect of an Institutional Medication Adherence Program for Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone on Adherence and Psychiatric Hospitalizations: Evidence from a Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology= Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharamcologie clinique,24(2), e61. Kane, J. M., Kishimoto, T., Correll, C. U. (2013). Non?adherence to medication in patients with psychotic disorders: epidemiology, contributing factors and management strategies.World Psychiatry,12(3), 216-226. Kardas, P., Lewek, P., Matyjaszczyk, M. (2013). Determinants of patient adherence: a review of systematic reviews.Frontiers in pharmacology,4. Luquiens, A., Lourenco, N., Benyamina, A., Aubin, H. J. (2015). Self-medication of achalasia with cannabis, complicated by a cannabis use disorder.World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG,21(20), 6381. Machielsen, M. W., Veltman, D. J., van den Brink, W., de Haan, L. (2017). Comparing the effect of clozapine and risperidone on cue reactivity in male patients with schizophrenia and a cannabis use disorder: A randomized fMRI study.Schizophrenia Research. Morrison, P., Meehan, T., Stomski, N. J. (2015). Living with antipsychotic medication side?effects: The experience of Australian mental health consumers.International journal of mental health nursing,24(3), 253-261. Noto, C., Ota, V. K., Gouvea, E. S., Rizzo, L. B., Spindola, L., Honda, P. H., ... Maes, M. (2015). Effects of risperidone on cytokine profile in drug-naive first-episode psychosis.International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology,18(4). Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use.New England Journal of Medicine,370(23), 2219-2227. Zullig, L. L., Peterson, E. D., Bosworth, H. B. (2013). Ingredients of successful interventions to improve medication adherence.Jama,310(24), 2611-2612.

American Reaction to the French Revolution

American Reaction to the French Revolution The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille on July 14th. From 1790 to 1794, the revolutionaries grew  increasingly radical. Americans were at first enthusiastic in support of the revolution. However, over time divisions of opinion became apparent between federalists and anti-federalists. Divide Between Federalists and Anti-Federalists The anti-federalists in America  led by figures such as Thomas Jefferson were in favor of supporting the revolutionaries in France. They thought the French were imitating the American colonists in their desire for freedom. There was a hope that the French  would win a greater degree of autonomy that resulted in the new Constitution and its strong federal government in the United States. Many anti-federalists rejoiced in every revolutionary victory as news of it reached America. Fashions changed to reflect republican dress in France. The Federalists were not sympathetic to the French Revolution, led by figures such as Alexander Hamilton.  The Hamiltonians  feared mob rule. They were  afraid of egalitarian ideas causing further upheaval at home. European Reaction In Europe, rulers were not necessarily that bothered by what was happening in France at first. However, as the gospel of democracy spread, Austria grew afraid. By 1792, France had declared war on Austria wanting to ensure that it would not try to invade. In addition, revolutionaries wanted to spread their own beliefs to other European countries. As France began to win victories beginning with the Battle of Valmy in September, England and Spain got concerned. Then on January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed. France became emboldened and declared war on England. Thus American could no longer sit back but if they wanted to continue to trade with England and/or France. It had to claim sides or remain neutral. President George Washington chose the course of neutrality, but this would be a difficult tightrope for America to walk. Citizen  Genà ªt In 1792, the French appointed  Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, also known as Citizen  Genà ªt, as the Minister to the United States. There was some question on whether he should be formally received by the US  government. Jefferson felt that  America should support the Revolution which would mean publicly acknowledging  Genà ªt as the legitimate minister to France. Hamilton was against receiving him. Despite Washingtons ties to Hamilton and the Federalists, he decided to receive him. Washington eventually ordered that  Genà ªt be censured and later recalled by France when it was discovered that he had been commissioning privateers to fight for France in its war against Great Britain. Washington had to deal with their previously agreed upon Treaty of Alliance with France that had been signed during the American Revolution. Because of its own claims for neutrality, America could not close its ports to France without appearing to side with Britain. Therefore, even though France was taking advantage of the situation by using American ports to help fight its war against Britain, America was in a difficult place. The Supreme Court eventually helped provide a partial solution by preventing the French from arming privateers in American ports. After this proclamation, it was found that Citizen  Genà ªt had a French-sponsored warship armed and sail from Philadelphia. Washington demanded that he be recalled to France. However, this and other issues with the French fighting the British under the American flag led to increased issues and confrontations with the British. Washington sent John Jay to find a diplomatic solution to the issues with Great Britain. However, the resulting Jays Treaty was quite weak and widely derided. It required the British to abandon forts they still occupied on Americas western frontier. It also created a trading agreement between the two nations. However, it had to give up the idea of freedom of the seas. It also did nothing to stop impressment where the British could force American citizens on captured sailing vessels into service on their own ships. Aftermath In the end, the French Revolution brought the issues of neutrality and how America would deal with belligerent European countries. It also brought unresolved issues with Great Britain to the forefront. Finally, it showed a great divide in the way that federalists and anti-federalists felt about France and Great Britain.

Intonation Definition and Examples in Speech

Intonation Definition and Examples in Speech In speech,  intonation is the use of changing (rising and falling) vocal pitch to convey grammatical information or personal attitude. Intonation is particularly important in expressing questions in spoken English. For example, take the sentence, When does the meeting start? The word start- including the question mark- rises up or comes up in your voice when you utter the word, notes the website  English Pronunciation Roadmap. The Musicality of Language Intonation  is the melody or music of a language, says  David Crystal, author of A Little Book of Language. Intonation refers to the way your voice rises and falls as you speak, as in, Its raining, isnt it? (or innit, perhaps) In this sentence, youre not really asking a question: Youre  telling  the listener that its raining, so you give your speech a telling melody. The pitch-level of your voice falls and you sound as if you know what youre talking about, and of course, you do, so youre making a statement. But now imagine that you  dont  know if its raining, says Crystal. You think there might be a shower outside, but youre unsure, so you ask someone to check. You use the same words, but the musicality of your voice makes a different point, as in, Its raining, isnt it? Now youre  asking  the person, so you give your speech an asking melody, says Crystal. The pitch-level of your voice rises, and you sound as if youre asking a question. Pitch and Chunking To understand intonation, its important to comprehend two of its key terms: pitch and chunking.  Encyclopaedia Britannica  notes that pitch is, the relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear, which depends on the number of vibrations per second produced by the vocal cords. Everyone has different levels of the pitch in their voice, notes Study.com: Though some are more prone to a higher pitch and some to a lower pitch, we can all change our timbre depending on who we are talking to and why. Timbre  refers to the  quality of sound that distinguishes one  voice or musical instrument from another or one vowel sound from another: It is determined by the harmonics of the sound. Pitch, then, refers to the musicality of your voice and how you use that musicality or timbre to convey meaning. Chunking- and pausing- meanwhile  packages information for the listener, says  the University of Technology (UTS)  in Sydney, adding that speakers divide  speech  into chunks, which may be single words or groups of words to communicate a thought or idea, or to focus on information the speaker thinks is important. UTS gives the following example of chunking: Does it really matter whether people speak with an accent as long as they can be easily understood? This sentence breaks into the following chunks: Does it really matter /whether people speak with an accent /as long as they can be easily understood? // In this example, in each chunk, your pitch would be slightly different to better convey your meaning to the listener. Your voice, essentially, rises and falls in each chunk. Types of Intonation Another key point about intonation involves the rising and falling of your voice. Just as a musical instrument rises and falls in its tone as an accomplished player creates a melody to convey a sense of mood, your voice rises and falls in a similar melodic way to create a sense of meaning. Take this example from an article by Russell Banks, in an article called Adultery, which was published in the April/May 1986 issue of Mother Jones. I mean, what the hell? Right? The speakers voice rises and falls in the separate chunks in these two brief sentences, as follows; I mean /What the hell? /Right? // As the speaker says the first chunk- I mean- the voice falls. Then, during the second phrase- What the heck?- the voice rises, almost like climbing a melodic ladder with each word. The speaker does this to express outrage. Then, with one the last word- Right?- the speakers voice climbs even higher, similar to hitting the elusive  high C in music. This is almost like pushing the sentence to the listener- handing it off if you will- so that the listener will agree with the speaker. (If the listener does not agree, an argument is likely to follow.) And, in the article, the listener  does  indeed agree with the speaker, by responding with, Yes, right. The response is spoken with falling intonation, almost as if the listener is giving in and accepting the dictate of the speaker. By the end of the word right, the responders voice has dropped so much its almost as if the person is giving in. Put another way, intonation is the process of chunking statements (and responses), to deliver packages of meaning. Generally, the initial statement (often a question), may rise and fall in tone, but it generally rises at the end, as the speaker passes off the sentence or question to the listener. And, just as with a musical piece that starts quietly, and crescendos in sound and timber, the tone or sound of the response falls as if the responder is bringing the discussion to a quiet ending, just as a melody quietly comes to a soft finish at the end.

Managing Performance in Operations - Apple Inc Essay

Managing Performance in Operations - Apple Inc - Essay Example It sells a large amount of its product line through its online retail stores. The company also tries to cater to a large chunk of education market by offering education gadgets to the students both online and through retail (Apple computer, 2005). The operations of the company are spread throughout America, Europe, Japan, and Asia-Pacific as well as the Middle East and some parts of Africa. The company policy lays a lot of stress on its value chain and every operational activity done by the company is in compliance with the code of Operations (Finkle & Mallin, 2010) ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY AT APPLE: The company has grown from a starting point to become the best company of the world. The stock performance of the company gives a very clear idea about the strategies used by the company. On the very basics, the company is committed to improve customers’ lifestyle by developing the best PC gadgets, Music players and other cellular communication devices. The target market of the com pany is the students, businessmen, educators, and even governmental agencies for the industrial products. In such a case, the company emphasizes on a business strategy that focuses on the ability to design and develop in-house operating systems, application software, hardware and other tangible and intangible products. Seamless integration of the applications and innovative designs are a critical part of Apple’s manufacturing policy. The company lays a strong emphasis on continual improvement and innovation in its product line and other business strategies. Research and Development form the focus of the executives of the company who work on the ideology that that in order to survive and foster, people should think differently and create imaginations. As a result the company keeps on revitalizing its gadgets and digital consumer electronics (O’ Grady, 2009). The company also integrates various third party applications in its product mix. Many accessories of for Mac comp uters, ipods, and iphones are injected into the market by third-party ventures. Another business strategy employed by the company is the expansion of the distribution network and expands the customer base by focusing on customer satisfaction. These strategies have enabled the company to introduce new products in the market and gain a competitive edge over its competitors (Blackwell, 1987). When in 1999, the company introduced the ibook, its product matrix got complete. The company could now offer a desktop as well as a portable computer with a highly capable operating system. At several instances, the company has acquired several small SME’s that have been playing in its market. This strategy has enabled the company to gain a competitive edge in the market and maintain and foster its presence. PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: One of the main reasons for the standout performance of the company in the global market is the product differentiation strategy in company’s operations. The company staff is very conscious to reduce the similarities among not only the competitor products but also the product line of the company itself. The company has built a reputation by making the state of the art technologies that are user friendly and extremely solution bound. In the industry where the company is operating, the importance of product differentiation acts like a barrier for new entrants. This tool is fully utilized by the company as a part of its corporate strategy.

International Monetary Fund Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Monetary Fund - Article Example According to the agreements the fund is guaranteed to help the members develop economically as well as socially. Article 1 (ii) states, "To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to the development of the productive resources of all members as primary objectives of economic policy." Based on this article every member state should enjoy the privileges of economic growth and development. In theory this would be a practical situation but history has show that the Fund itself has several shortcomings and weaknesses. The preliminary signatories to the International Monetary Fund were mainly countries that subscribed to capitalist policies although France was the first country to benefit from the Fund after its inception in 1947. Under the IMF agreement the countries agreed to keep their currencies convertible to the US dollar and the United States agreed to a peg system where the value of their dollar was in terms of gold. Some saw this system as unable to meet the demand of global trading. Also, speculation caused a decrease in the price of gold. There was also a subsequent devaluation of the US dollar. The par value system was discontinued in 1974 and countries were allowed to choose a system that they think was best for their exchange rate. Some saw this decision by the International Monetary Fund as a sign of weakness. "It appeared that the ability of the IMF to regulate world financial conditions was at least greatly diminished, and perhaps finished" (Devries, 1986). (Peet, Born 68). After this change of idea regarding the exchange rate the IMF added a new dimension in dealing with its member countries. It became more involved with the economic policies of the countries. Many countries especially the United States of America and countries in Western Europe had had successive terms of wealth and prosperity so the Fund did not experience a great demand from these countries. The world political situation in the 1970's, however, forced a change on the volume of lending by the Fund. Many countries, especially in the African continent became independent but their new status meant that they needed financial help. Many of these countries lacked the resources and facilities present in the countries in Western Europe. To a large extent a great number was plagued by balance of payment problems. In order to lend assistance to these struggling economies the IMF created the Structural Adjustment Facility in 1986 and replaced by the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in 1987. This consists of concessionary grants drawn up in collaboration with the World Bank. To qualify for these loans a country has to be in the low-income category. There were a total of thirt y five countries that benefitted from the Structural Adjustment Facility. The recipients are offered lower interest rates with a chance to repay the loan from between five and ten years. As is common with other assistance of the IMF countries benefitting from these loans are required by the IMF to adhere to certain policies. These policies are very restrictive and have forced critics to argue if the Structural Adjustment Facility will bring more harm than good. Firstly, there has to be

Taxation and Tax Environment in the United Kingdom Essay

Taxation and Tax Environment in the United Kingdom - Essay Example When a person is resident for tax purposes in the UK but he is a foreign domicile, he is perhaps only liable for paying tax on the money which has been brought in to the UK. So if a person offshore accounts in his own mother country, but he does not use that money in the UK, he has the chances to exempt from UK taxation but if in doubt he needs to check with an accountant. There are some sorts of income on which tax is not binding. These include certain benefits, special pensions, and income from tax-exempt accounts. These are ignored as well as when working out how much Income Tax may be needed to a taxpayer. HMRC is an association which is responsible for collecting the bulk of tax revenue, as well as paying Tax Credits and Child Benefits, and strengthening the UK's frontiers. It has a huge volume of information on these matters and it can get more as the individual banks are likely to follow suit. HMRC is also committed to targeting tax evasion. "Self Assessment" is the matter of personal taxation which is used in the UK regime. It is introduced in 1996/97. Self Assessment applies to such types of taxpayers who are self-employed. Their tax affairs are so complicated that can not be fully dealt with under the normal system. For example, we can say about the directors, higher rate taxpayers and those who have more than one source of income. The phrase "self-assessment" is ambiguous because the tax will be calculated by the HM Revenue and Customs in certain circumstances or the taxpayer can use the services of an accountant to calculate the tax on his behalf. The regular income-tax system involves the filing of a return of income with the Income-tax Department along with the statement of accounts maintained if any, production and examination of books of accounts, determination of total income, issue of a demand notice for payment of tax and finally its payment.  

Counter Terrorism Measures For Global Safety

Counter Terrorism Measures For Global Safety Terrorism has inflicted fear and panic on almost every corner of the globe. Due to the pain that it inflicts on people indiscriminately, the United Nations has taken the threat of terrorism seriously and is actively engaging all member nations to participate in counterterrorism efforts (United Nations [UN], 2008). The counterterrorism agenda is a priority one for the UN for many years now. Countering terrorism has been a difficult pursuit because it is immediately laden with ethical and moral issues. Due to terrorism targeting even innocent women and children and random civilians located at the wrong place and at the wrong time, many are tempted to pursue counterterrorism through the eye for an eye approach. However, doing this would make the counterterrorism efforts no less evil than the terrorists, so engaging in acts to combat terrorism must adhere to democratic principles (Steven Gunaratna, 2007). While terrorism has been a scourge for many decades now, the United States was for ced to combat terror more aggressively in the advent of the September 11 attacks which claimed the lives of thousands. Measures have been promulgated using various anti-terror approaches in order to protect civilians and to defend the world against terrorism (Bater, 2010). However, combating terrorism has become more difficult because the US is forced to deal not only with terrorists from overseas but even homegrown terrorists such as 19-year old Osban Muhamud who allegedly planted a bomb in a Christmas tree (Thomas, Goldman Ryan, 2010). Nine years after 9/11, the terror threat has not waned and resolving the threat of terror at home and abroad is far from over. Models and Measures of Counterterrorism There are three general models to combat terrorism. The first model, the criminal justice model (CJM), aims to combat terrorism while at the same time preserving fundamental human rights and democratic principles. The second model, the war model (WM), emphasizes on restraining terrorism itself than preserving democratic rights and places the state in a war-fighting mode to counter terrorism effectively. The third model integrates the previous two, called the expanded criminal justice model to provide greater flexibility in counterterrorism efforts (Steven Gunaratna, 2004). These models also reflect current counterterrorism measures recommended by the UN and its member nations, chiefly the United States (Department of Homeland Security [DHS], 2008). Due to the fact that terrorists operate at various levels, whether political, legal, economic, military, and through the media, efforts to combat terrorism also encompass these areas (UN, 2008). Political Measures: Political strategies in combating terrorism require that states address the root causes of terrorism in their respective countries. Terrorists legitimize their violent acts as a response to poverty, unemployment, and other socio-political programs. Political measures to counter terror require that states negotiate with terror groups and making small concessions with them. The danger with this strategy is that it gives terrorist groups legitimacy and may even encourage other groups to resort to terrorism in order to achieve their political goals and demands. Nonetheless, some governments have addressed terrorism by using poverty-reduction programs, employment and livelihood activities, land redistribution, and offering amnesties (UN, 2008). Punitive Measures: Punitive measures are aimed at severing a terrorist groups lifeline by cutting off its finances and other resource-generating capabilities (DHS, 2008). This involves banning fund-raising initiatives of known front organizations of terrorist groups. Other punitive measures that are used in many include freezing assets of known front organizations or of key leaders, boycotting countries found to harbor terrorists, and placing economic sanctions, as in the case of Iran and Iraq. Judicial Measures: Judicial measures consider international human rights law and enact legal measures to prevent terrorism. This includes ratification of international conventions or regional agreements relating to the extradition, prosecution, and mutual legal assistance to facilitate the capture of terrorists. Although this measure is the most democratic form of counterterrorism, it presents many problems such as the possibility of nations refusing to cooperate where the legal systems are not compatible and the refusal to prosecute suspected terrorists out of fear of retaliation. Legally, prosecuting terrorists is a challenge given the non-uniform definition of terrorism among countries (Steven Gunaratna, 2004). Intelligence gathering: The lapses of 9/11 brought several measures to strengthen intelligence in the United States. One of the earliest measures undertaken was the passage of the controversial Patriot Act which reduced the limitations that law enforcement agencies were subject to in terms of searching email, telephone, medical, financial, and professional records (The Investigative Project on Terrorism, 2008). The Act also reduced the restrictions of the US when gathering information on other countries. The law also amended the definition of terrorism to encompass domestic terrorism, thus, expanding the powers of law enforcement agencies to combat terrorism. The law came under fire from civil rights groups and enhanced fears regarding breach of privacy and increasing surveillance powers of the government (Bater, 2010). Military Response: The use of military for retaliatory response is an application of the war model whereby civilian legal systems are temporarily suspended in favor of martial law (UN, 2008). The military response is a controversial measure in terms of international law. It poses the likelihood of alienating the public and giving the terrorists hero status; moreover, military response can be interpreted acts of aggression and heighten anti-US sentiment, making the capture of terrorists more difficult (The Investigative Project on Terrorism, 2008). Conclusion Different models and approaches to counterterrorism have been applied by the United States and members of the United Nations. While each have its advantages in zeroing in on terrorists and preventing the further loss of life, certain democratic rights and ethical issues make such measures precarious and difficult. This is because any effort to weed out terrorism must be balanced against international norms on human rights and democratic freedoms.

Canada :: essays research papers

Investing In Canada Investing In Canada - Factors that are attractive for direct investment in Canada. Canada is the second largest country in the world, occupying close to 10 million square kilometres of land bounded by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. Canada shares a 6,000 kilometre border and the five largest freshwater lakes in the world with the United States. Known as the Great Lakes, they provide a route to the Atlantic via the St.- Lawrence Seaway, permitting direct access to international markets. More international companies are investing in Canada. The stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Canada has increased steadily over the past five years to reach over $130 billion last year. Investor confidence is high. International companies are discovering what firms in the United States have known for decades: it pays to invest in Canada. There is a government commitment to attract foreign direct investment. Canada's government provides a competitive, welcoming climate for international business. It is committed to fiscal responsibility, deficit reduction and job creation. The following are some essential points all of which prove Canada is a favorable choice: Domestic market; wage competitiveness; work force quality; International business skills; raw materials; energy costs; infrastructure; business services and legal environment. Domestic Market Canada's per capita purchasing power is second only to that of the United States, among the G-7 countries, and the OECD expects Canada to lead the industrialized countries in near-term economic growth. Inflation is below two per cent and forecast to remain low. Cost of money is lower than it has been for decades. Exports are at record high, having increased by 14 per cent in 1993 over 1992. Under free trade, Canadian-based companies have increased their market share of the Canada-U.S. market. Further, the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA), together with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which came into force on January 1, 1994, gives Canadian-based companies an unparalleled access to 365 million people, forming an economy larger than that of the European Community. The combined 1993 GDP value of the Canada-Mexico-U.S. market was in excess of $8.5 trillion. Competitive Wages and Benefit Rates: Many international corporations find the Canadian work force to be highly cost- effective. On average, wages in Canada's business centers are lower than those in nearly all major business centers around the world. Hourly wages of Canadian production workers have risen only 5.4 percent since 1990. Canadian manufacturing wage rates showed the second slowest growth among G-7 countries in 1992, averaging 2.6 percent. In contrast, hourly increases in Britain and Germany have been 12.4 and 14.3 percent, respectively. Educated and Skilled Work Force

Samsung Wave-Ii Marketing Plan

[pic] Samsung Wave-II Smart Phone Marketing Plan and strategy Principles of Marketing EIB-507 Prepared By: MD. Ashif Hossain Roll-80104045 International Business, EMBA University Of Dhaka Prepared For: MD. Kamal Uddin,Ph. D Associate Professor Executive summary Mobile phone, which is defined as a high technology electronic product, is popular all over the world. Bangladesh must be one of the biggest markets for those mobile phone manufacturers. As a leader in mobile telecommunications market, Samsung has its scientific business strategy that leads to success, and pays a great attention to the market of Bangladesh. Based on the Bangladesh mobile phone market, this paper analyzes Samsung’s business strategy to show reason of Samsung’s success. The business strategy includes the strategic intent, the competitive strategy and marketing mix. The strategic concept of Samsung is to take the demand-side strategy. Samsung subdivides the whole market into several objective markets according to the researches about the partialities of different individuals. And then different types of mobile phones are put into the market aimed at attracting different consumer groups. The competitive strategy of Samsung is to improve the innovative ability to win the competitive advantage. Strong technological innovation ability makes Samsung stand in the forward position of mobile industry all the time, and characterized this brand by a special vitality. And the marketing mix of Samsung is to use the integrated marketing strategy including product, price, promotion and place. It values the construction of a brand, the orientation of its products and pays a lot of attention to technology improvement. It increases the sales through sensitive advertisement, presentation to the celebrities and large-scale entertainment. Current Market Situation Increasingly, we are observing that handsets are following the pattern of typical consumer electronics; the trend is toward phones with improved features at lower prices. Simultaneously, there are more manufacturers who will deliver cheaper handsets to capture the mass market. Multifunction cell phones, e-mail devices are increasingly popular today. Touch screen phone is very much attractive because it is Very much easy to use and people can browse the website like they browse in a laptop computer. Competition is therefore more intense. So it is easily visible that there will be massive demand for such phones in the future. To gain market share in the dynamic environment, Samsung must carefully target Specific segments with features that deliver benefits valued by each customer group. Market Description Samsung Wave II touch pad phone’s primary target consumers are young people. It is very much attractive for student because of it’s wide touch screen which could be used as a hand Held palmtop. It supports Wi-Fi technology so people can transfer their documents and other important file through this phone like a workstation. In the prospect of Bangladesh people can easily monitor the Stock market movement through its high-speed Internet technology. Other users are entrepreneurs and professionals. It is very much cheap in compare with an apple I-phone. Product Review The Samsung Wave II S8530 (or â€Å"Samsung Wave II†) is the Successor f Samsung Wave S8500 smartphone running the bada 1. 2 operating system designed by Samsung, which was commercially released on October, 2010. [1][2][3] The Wave is a slim touchscreen phone powered by Samsung's â€Å"Hummingbird† CPU (S5PC110), which includes 1  GHz ARM Cortex-8 CPU and a powerful built-in PowerVR SGX 540 graphics engine, â€Å"Super LCD† screen and 720p high-definition video capture capabilities. Our Product Samsung Wave II smart phone offers the following standard features With a bada 1. 2 operating system Hardware features Calling – The speakerphone is great. It was very loud and clear. Conference calling was also easy. Once you've placed your second call, an icon appears to conference the two calls. It can connected 20 calls at once and had no trouble swapping and dropping individuals from the conference. Design The phone is made of mostly metal alloy and is measured at 10. 9  mm thick. In terms of form factor, it is a slate style featuring only 3 physical buttons on the front: call, reject/ shutdown, and main menu button. The ergonomically designed body also makes it more comfortable to hold. Screen The screen is a 3. -inch (94  mm) capacitive touchscreen Super LCD with an anti-smudge oleophobic coating on top of the scratch-resistant tempered-glass (Gorilla Glass Display) touch panel which has been shown to be capable of resisting extreme friction (scratch-resistant). The screen resolution is 800Ãâ€"480 WVGA. [4] Processor The phone features a 1  GHz SoC,[5] which internally contains an ARM Cortex A8 CPU core that is identical t o the ARM Cortex CPU core used in Apple's A4 package on package SoC. [6][7] The Phone graphics engine is SGX 540 which is said to be capable of generating 90 million triangles per second (same as the SoC used on the Samsung Galaxy S). And 512MB RAM (same hardware as Samsung Wave S8500). Camera The phone features a 5 megapixel which supports 2592 x 1944 pixels, along with autofocus, LED flash, Geo-tagging, face, blink detection, image stabilization, touch focus,etc. Other than these features it has various shooting modes such as beauty shot, smile shot, continuous, panorama and vintage shot. As a camcorder it is able to shoot 720p HD recording (1280Ãâ€"720) at 30  FPS with flash. As well as this, it is also able to record slow motion video (320Ãâ€"240) at 120  FPS with flash. Other features Other feature includes A-GPS, 2  GB/8  GB of internal storage with a microSDHC slot for an additional 32  GB. It also has a magnetometer, a proximity sensor, an accelerometer, 5. 1-channel surround sound Mobile Theater, music recognition, a fake call service, smart search, Social Hub and it is the first phone to support Bluetooth version 3. 0. In addition to Bluetooth 3. 0, the phone also features Wi-Fi 802. 11 b/g/n, HSDPA 3. 2  Mbit/s and HSUPA 2  Mbit/s. This phone is available with both European/Asia 3G bandings and the North American 3G bandings. Software Features User Interface The phone is one of the few smartphone to feature the Samsung bada operating system platform. The UI is Samsung's own Touchwiz 3. 0. Touchwiz 3. 0, like the 2 predecessors (Touchwiz 2. 0 and Touchwiz), utilises widgets. The 3 most notable widgets pre-installed in Touchwiz 3. 0 are Daily Briefing (which includes all essential information such as weather, finance, AP mobile news and schedule), Feeds and Updates and Buddies now (which allows users to call, send texts to and read Facebook/Twitter feeds off their favourite contacts). Users are allowed to have up to 10 homescreens to add widgets. Applications In terms of Internet Browser, Samsung Wave is pre-installed with Dolphin Browser v2. 0 (based on WebKit). While this browser supports Flash it is disabled by default to improve page load time. By default, the phone comes with Picsel Viewer which is capable of reading . pdf and Microsoft Office file formats. Users from selected countries can buy and download Picsel Office Editor from Samsung Apps. As for Samsung apps, users can also download applications, games and widgets from the application store. Other software includes the GPS software that comes with this phone (LBS Route 66), Palringo IM, Facebook, Twitter, social hub, mini diary, daily briefing, memo, video player, FM radio, media browser, voice recorder, e-mail and pre-installed asphalt5. Media Support MP3, AAC, AAC+, e-AAC+, WMA, AMR, WAV, MP4, FLAC, MPEG4, H. 263, H. 264, WMV, AVI, DivX, XviD, MK Competitive OVERVIEW Players There are currently four tiers of players in the handset market:  · Tier 1: Nokia, Samsung and Apple  · Tier 2: Motorol and Ericsson  · Tier 3: Alcatel, Siemens etc  · Tier 4: the rest Nokia swept into the market, overtaking both Motorola and Ericsson to achieve the largest handset sales during 1998. Samsung after a brief struggle against Nokia and apple finally got a large share of customer. The failure of Motorola to move from analog to digital and of Ericsson to pursue fashionable designs enabled Nokia’s market position to improve. Since then, both Motorola and Ericsson have been aggressively playing catch- up, attempting to leverage their strengths in technology and semiconductors to attack Nokia’s share in the overall world market. Tier 3 companies cater to a lower-end, lower-margin market. Relative lack of economies of scale, product range, and brand equity make market dominance or even parity a very difficult challenge for these smaller players. However, Samsung – with its new stylish design and technology – is well positioned in the emerging smart phone market, and is capable of threatening the larger two companies (nokia and apple). Compare between Samsung Wave-II and I-phone Because the large chunk of market segment who prefers Smartphone is captured by the apple’s I-phone. We should have a complete knowledge what the i-phone offers as well as Samsung wave-II [pic] |[pic] | |Features |Apple I-phone |Samsung Wave-II | |Overview |Touchscreen, Scratch Resistant Oleophobic Surface, |LCD Capacitive Touchscreen,Scratch Resistant Oleophobic| | |Multi Touch Input Method, Three Axis Gyro Sensor, |Surface,Accelerometer Sensor for Auto-rotate, | | |MicroSIM card support only, 5 MP Camera, TV-out, |Handwriting recognition,Multi-touch Input Method,5 MP | | |Audio/Video player, Data Transfer 3G, EDGE, GPS, |Camera,MP4 Player,Stereo FM | | |Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, HTML Browser, Google Maps |radio,TV-Out,3G,EDGE,GPS,Bluetooth,Wi-Fi ,HTML | | | |Browser,Bada OS | |Operating System |iOS 4 (based on Mac OS) |Bada OS 1. | |Processor Speed |1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8 processor, PowerVR SGX535GPU, |ARM Cortex A8 1GHz processor | | |Apple A4 chipset | | |2G network |GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 |GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 | |3G network |HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100 |HSDPA 900 / 2100 | |Dimensions |115. x 58. 6 x 9. 3 mm |123. 9 x 59. 8 x 11. 8 mm | |Weight |137 g |135 g | |Display Size |3. 5 inches, LED-backlit IPS TFT, capacitive |3. 7 inches,Super Clear LCD capacitive touchscreen, 16M | | |touchscreen, 16M colors |colors | |Resolution |640 x 960 pixels |480 x 800 pixels |Music Player |MP3 ,WAV,AAC, AIFF, AAC Protected, MP3 VBR,Audible |MP3/WAV/WMA/eAAC+ player | | |(formats 2-4),Apple Lossless, Music play-Up to 40 | | | |hours | | |Radio |No |Stereo FM r adio with RDS, FM recording | |Camera |5 MP, 2592 x 1944 pixels, autofocus, LED flash, |5 MP, 2592 x 1944 pixels, autofocus, LED flash | | |Secondary: video calling camera over Wi-Fi only | | |Video |[email  protected], LED video light, geo-tagging,Video |[email  protected],Video | | |Player-MPEG4, H. 264, MOV |Player-MP4,MKV,H. 263,H. 64,WMV,Xvid,DivX | |Internal |16 GB storage |2 GB storage | |Slot micro sd |No |microSD up to 32GB, 2GB card included | |Battery |Standard battery, Li-Po 1420mAh |Standard battery, Li-Ion 1500 mAh | |Talk Time |Up to 14 h (2G) / Up to 7 h (3G) |Up to 13 hours | |Blue Tooth |v2. 1 with A2DP |v3. 0 with A2DP | |USB |v2. 0 |microUSB v2. 0 | |GPRS |Class 10 |Class 10 | |EDGE |Class 10 |Class 10 | |Wlan & Wifi |Wi-Fi 802. 1 b/g/n |Wi-Fi 802. 11 b/g/n | |3G |HSDPA, 7. 2 Mbps; HSUPA, 5. 76 Mbps |HSDPA 3. 6 Mbps; HSUPA, 2 Mbps | |GPS |Yes, A-GPS support |A-GPS support, Samsung Mobile Navigator | |Document viewer |Yes(don’t support Microsoft packa ge) |Yes(pdf,word,XL) | |Price per unit |BDT 55000/- |BDT 20000/- | Samsung Wave-II SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Having the advanced technology over the competitors in the mobile phone industry – Decentralized company structure, innovative and creative employees and Charismatic strong leader – One of the best market leadership in the mobile industry – Strong brand name and company image in the global market – Has its own manufacture and network – Product innovation – Economy of scale Weaknesses – Complacency and arrogance – Few customized operator-specific handsets – Few alliances, company sticks to its standing in the market, do not want to cooperate with the operators Opportunities – The emerging market in developing countries, such as China, India, Bangladesh – The emerging market for high-end mobile phone such as business user phone Threats – Facing more new competitors, especially from Asia – Stronger buyer power from the network operators – Lost market share – Strong competition in mobile industry Objectives We have set aggressive but achievable objectives for the first and second years of market entry. †¢ First-year objectives: During the Samsung wave-II initial year on the market, we are aiming for a 40 percent share of the Bangladesh smart phone market through unit sales volume of 1,00,000 units. †¢ Second-year objectives: Our second-year objectives are to achieve a 60 percent share based on sales of two models and to achieve break-even early in this period. Market Segmentation Our target market is mainly focused on young and professional people with a attraction for technology which is available in a relatively cheap price. There is a customer profile as follows: Age: 14 – 25, 25 – 35, 35 + Gender : Male & Female Family Life Cycle: Young, single, married, married with children, older, under18. Occupation: Professional and technical, managers, officials and proprietors, clerical, sales, craftspeople, supervisor, Operatives, farmers, retired, students, homemakers, unemployed. Social Class: Lower Lowers, upper lowers, working class, middle class, upper middles, upper uppers Monthly income: Below Over10,000 Taka Size of potential market : Total population of Bangladesh. Geographical Location: Rural, Semi-Urban, and Urban User status: Potential user, first time users & regular users Usage rate: Light user, medium user & heavy user. Readiness stage: Aware, informed, interested, desirous and intending to buy Marketing Strategy Positioning In 2007 Samsung Telecommunication Business reported over 40% growth and became the second largest mobile device manufacturer in the world. [1] Its market share was 14% in Q4 2007, growing up form 11. 3% in Q4 2006. [2] In Q1 2008 Samsung strengthened its second position on the market and achieved 15. 6% world handset market share. So as per the concern regarding Bangladesh Samsung is already achieved a good market share after Nokia. Product Strategy †¢ The development of a product with global appeal †¢ Nimble movement to sell it internationally Most importantly, a commitment to learning what consumers want, without consideration of the limits of existing technology †¢ Best mobile devices for everyone regardless the price and geography †¢ Internet services on mobile devices †¢ Business mobility markets †¢ Once the superior business devices are introd uced, Corporate users will take advantage of the stability and innovation †¢ Low cost innovative devices in the emerging markets will generate revenue due to the brand loyalty †¢ Introducing the device for business solutions, superior from its competitors †¢ Giving SDK(software development kit) to the developers to develop more applications on its new OS platform †¢ Introducing low cost ,innovative, devices in the emerging markets †¢ Leading Brand Pricing strategy Samsung Wave-II smart phone will be introduced at BDT 20000/- per unit in compare with Apple-iphone, which costs BDT 55000/- per unit. Though it is not superior than I-phone but it could Outrun some function of I-phone like as we have mentioned in our previous discussion. Distribution Strategy In Bangladesh by selective distributor Samsung could promote the market and also by media Advertisement. Samsung could also promote the consumers with joint co-operation with major Carriers like Grameenphone and Banglalink. Marketing Communication Strategy †¢ At TV Advertisement †¢ At Radio Advertisement: †¢ At Outdoor Advertisement: †¢ At Press Conference: Action Program The Samsung Wave-II will introduce in February 2012. Through a series of scheduled program Samsung will carry out its marketing strategy and achieve its objectives. A monthly basis detail about these programs are given below February 2012 †¢ We will initiate a huge amount trade sales promotion ad. Campaign to educate dealers and generate excitement for the product launch. †¢ Send catalogs & brochures to 50000 likely customers †¢ Set-up showrooms †¢ Provide samples product reviewers, opinion leaders and celebrities as the part of our public relation strategy. †¢ Create own website. March 2012 †¢ Collecting marketing information. Start an integrated print/radio/TV/ Internet campaign targeting consumers. †¢ Launching Samsung Wave-II April 2012 †¢ Study consumer satisfaction and identify opportunities. Budget [pic] Total first-year revenue : Tk. 200 Core sales volume: 100,000 average wholesale price : Tk. 20000/- per unit. Variable c ost per unit : TK 2500 for units Samsung Wave-II projects sales of Tk 60 Lac on 1st quarter and consequently Tk. 60 Lac, Tk. 40 Lac and Tk. 40 Lac Estimated first-year fixed costs: TK. 170 Core Break Even calculation = TK. 1700000000 /TK. (20000-2500) = 97143 Units(approximated) Controls There should be a tight monitoring system in every level of execution from top to bottom. We will carefully monitor customer satisfaction through our product and customer service Center. Any sign of deviation will be corrected through our highly skilled manpower. Further plan has been developed in the context of severe price downgrading. CONCLUSIONS Samsung must rethink its strategies if it is to remain successful. The recent economic slowdown coupled with impending market saturation and the demand for increased functionality, is beginning to dramatically change the handset market. Samsung should take aggressive measures to resist commoditization if it is to grow and continue being profitable. We have outlined some ways that it can accomplish this. Its brand has proven to be one of its most valuable assets, and Samsung should continue building it. Samsung must also thoroughly research evolving customer needs and provide a positive impetus for brand differentiation. Finally, by forming strategic alliances with industry and service providers, Samsung can ensure and maximize its visibility to the end- user. Samsung also needs to bring new products to market, and, as the market is showing signs of saturation, shift its focus onto the replacement market. This means developing data-driven services and appropriate partnerships with content providers. There simply needs to be an incentive for existing handset owners to purchase a new Samusng handset.